Canadian citizenship test practice 325 free practice questions for the Canadian citizenship test, written by FreeExamPath on the themes of the official study guide, Discover Canada, every answer explained. Choose a topic, from rights and history to Canada's regions, and check yourself straight away.
About these questions The real test has 20 questions, multiple choice or true or false, and you need 15 correct answers. Our questions are all multiple choice with four options.
These are FreeExamPath's own questions on the themes of Discover Canada, the only official study guide. They are not official test questions, and FreeExamPath is not affiliated with Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). IRCC: study for the test
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Rights and responsibilities Multiple choice
Which document, signed in England in 1215, is the oldest source of the tradition of ordered liberty that Canada inherited? A The Quebec Act B The British North America Act C The Constitutional Act of the Canadas D Magna Carta
Show answer Correct answer: D — Magna Carta
Why? Magna Carta, the Great Charter of Freedoms, was signed in England in 1215. Discover Canada traces Canadian freedoms back to it. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year was the Constitution of Canada amended to entrench the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms? A 1867 B 1982 C 1960 D 1931
Show answer Correct answer: B — 1982
Why? The Charter was entrenched in the Constitution in 1982, when the amended Constitution was proclaimed in Ottawa. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is one of the fundamental freedoms of people in Canada? A Freedom from paying any taxes B Freedom to ignore a jury summons C Freedom of peaceful assembly D Freedom to vote at age 16
Show answer Correct answer: C — Freedom of peaceful assembly
Why? Fundamental freedoms include freedom of conscience and religion, of thought, belief, opinion and expression, of peaceful assembly and of association. Source
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Multiple choice
What does habeas corpus protect? A The right to challenge unlawful detention by the state B The right to own property anywhere in the world C The right to free legal advice in every case D The right to choose which laws apply to you
Show answer Correct answer: A — The right to challenge unlawful detention by the state
Why? Habeas corpus, which comes from English common law, is the right to challenge unlawful detention by the state. Source
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Multiple choice
Under the Charter's mobility rights, Canadians can: A Only work in the province where they were born B Live and work anywhere in Canada C Enter Canada only with a visa D Move between provinces only with a permit
Show answer Correct answer: B — Live and work anywhere in Canada
Why? Mobility rights mean Canadians can live and work anywhere in Canada, enter and leave the country freely, and apply for a passport. Source
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Multiple choice
How are men and women treated under Canadian law? A Men have more legal rights than women B Women have more legal rights than men C Their rights depend on their province D They are equal under the law
Show answer Correct answer: D — They are equal under the law
Why? In Canada men and women are equal under the law. Gender-based violence such as spousal abuse or forced marriage is severely punished. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is a responsibility of Canadian citizens? A Serving on a jury when called B Joining a political party C Doing compulsory military service D Attending a religious service
Show answer Correct answer: A — Serving on a jury when called
Why? Serving on a jury is a legal requirement when you are called. Canada has no compulsory military service, and joining a party or a faith is a free choice. Source
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Multiple choice
Is military service compulsory in Canada? A Yes, for all citizens aged 18 to 25 B Yes, but only for men C No, there is no compulsory military service D Yes, for one year after becoming a citizen
Show answer Correct answer: C — No, there is no compulsory military service
Why? There is no compulsory military service in Canada. Serving in the regular forces, the reserves or the Coast Guard is a voluntary way to contribute. Source
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Multiple choice
What does the rule of law mean in Canada? A The Prime Minister is above the law B Laws apply only to citizens, not to residents C Police officers decide which laws apply D No person or group is above the law
Show answer Correct answer: D — No person or group is above the law
Why? Obeying the law is a responsibility of citizenship, and the rule of law is a founding principle: no person or group is above the law. Source
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Multiple choice
Which branches make up Canada's regular armed forces? A The navy, the army and the air force B The army, the RCMP and the Coast Guard C The navy, the militia and the cadets D The air force, the police and the Rangers
Show answer Correct answer: A — The navy, the army and the air force
Why? The regular Canadian Forces are made up of the navy, the army and the air force. Part-time reserves and the cadets are separate. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is a way Canadians help others in their community? A Refusing to serve on a jury when you are called B Ignoring local elections C Volunteering at a food bank D Avoiding paying taxes
Show answer Correct answer: C — Volunteering at a food bank
Why? Helping others in the community, for example by volunteering at a food bank or helping newcomers settle, is described as a responsibility of citizenship. Source
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Multiple choice
Which practices does Canada not tolerate and severely punish under its criminal laws? A Marriages between people of different faiths B Forced marriage and "honour" killings C Peaceful protests on public streets D Criticizing the government in newspapers
Show answer Correct answer: B — Forced marriage and "honour" killings
Why? Canada does not tolerate spousal abuse, "honour" killings, female genital mutilation, forced marriage or other gender-based violence; they are severely punished. Source
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Multiple choice
Besides laws passed by Parliament and provincial legislatures, which of these is a source of Canadian law? A English common law B The laws of the United States C Roman law codes alone D Decisions of the United Nations
Show answer Correct answer: A — English common law
Why? Canadian law draws on laws passed by Parliament and the provincial legislatures, English common law, the civil code of France and an unwritten constitution inherited from Great Britain. Source
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Multiple choice
Which right is protected for Aboriginal peoples alongside the Charter? A They are exempt from all Canadian laws B They must live on reserves set aside by the federal government C The Charter does not weaken their treaty rights D They cannot vote in federal elections
Show answer Correct answer: C — The Charter does not weaken their treaty rights
Why? The Charter states that its rights do not adversely affect any treaty or other rights or freedoms of Aboriginal peoples. Source
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Multiple choice
What status do English and French have in Parliament and throughout the federal government? A English has priority over French B French is used only in Quebec C Each MP chooses one language for all debates D They have equal status
Show answer Correct answer: D — They have equal status
Why? Under official language rights, French and English have equal status in Parliament and throughout the government of Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
How does Discover Canada describe multiculturalism? A As a policy that ended in 1982 B As a fundamental part of Canadian identity C As a rule that replaces the official languages D As something that applies only in the largest cities, such as Toronto
Show answer Correct answer: B — As a fundamental part of Canadian identity
Why? The guide says that multiculturalism is a fundamental characteristic of the Canadian heritage and identity. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is a citizen's responsibility towards Canada's environment and heritage? A Hunting in national parks B Moving historic buildings to new sites C Leaving recycling to the government D Avoiding waste and pollution
Show answer Correct answer: D — Avoiding waste and pollution
Why? Citizens should avoid waste and pollution and help protect Canada's natural, cultural and architectural heritage for future generations. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is a way for young people to learn about the armed forces without enlisting? A Joining the Senate B Joining a jury C Joining the cadets D Joining the RCMP training academy
Show answer Correct answer: C — Joining the cadets
Why? Young people can learn discipline and responsibility by joining the cadets; citizens can also serve in the reserves, the Coast Guard or local emergency services. Source
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Multiple choice
Which elections do Canadians have a responsibility to vote in? A Federal elections only B Federal, provincial or territorial, and local elections C Only the elections held in the city or town where they live D Only elections for the Senate
Show answer Correct answer: B — Federal, provincial or territorial, and local elections
Why? The right to vote comes with a responsibility to vote in federal, provincial or territorial, and local elections. Senators are appointed, not elected. Source
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Multiple choice
Taking responsibility for yourself and your family includes: A Getting a job and taking care of your family B Asking the government to pay all your costs C Avoiding work so others can be hired D Leaving children's care entirely to schools
Show answer Correct answer: A — Getting a job and taking care of your family
Why? Getting a job, taking care of one's family and working hard in keeping with one's abilities are described as important Canadian values. Source
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Multiple choice
The preamble of the Charter refers to which two principles? A Peace, order and good government B Liberty, equality and fraternity C The supremacy of God and the rule of law D Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
Show answer Correct answer: C — The supremacy of God and the rule of law
Why? The Charter begins by saying Canada is founded on principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law. "Peace, order and good government" comes from the 1867 Act. Source
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Multiple choice
Which part-time military service can citizens join? A The Senate guard B The naval reserve, militia or air reserve C The Canadian Rangers of Ottawa only D The provincial militias, which exist only in Quebec
Show answer Correct answer: B — The naval reserve, militia or air reserve
Why? Citizens can serve part-time in the naval reserve, the militia or the air reserve, gaining skills while serving their community. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these freedoms includes freedom of speech and of the press? A Freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression B Freedom of association, which covers joining unions and clubs C Freedom of mobility D Freedom of conscience and religion
Show answer Correct answer: A — Freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression
Why? Freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression includes freedom of speech and of the press. Source
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Multiple choice
Why is serving on a jury described as a privilege as well as a duty? A Jurors are paid a full salary by the federal government B Only lawyers may usually serve on juries C Jurors choose which laws Parliament passes D The justice system depends on impartial juries of citizens
Show answer Correct answer: D — The justice system depends on impartial juries of citizens
Why? Serving on a jury is a legal requirement when called, and it is a privilege because the justice system depends on impartial juries made up of citizens. Source
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Who we are Multiple choice
What are the three founding peoples of Canada? A French, Dutch and Spanish B Aboriginal, French and British C British, American and Irish D Inuit, Métis and Acadian
Show answer Correct answer: B — Aboriginal, French and British
Why? Discover Canada names three founding peoples: Aboriginal, French and British. Source
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Multiple choice
What are the three distinct groups of Aboriginal peoples in Canada? A Cree, Huron and Iroquois B Acadians, Loyalists and Métis of the Red River C First Nations, Inuit and Métis D Dene, Sioux and Inuit
Show answer Correct answer: C — First Nations, Inuit and Métis
Why? Aboriginal peoples in Canada are made up of three distinct groups: Indians (First Nations), Inuit and Métis. Source
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Multiple choice
What does the word "Inuit" mean in Inuktitut? A Our land B The village C The north wind D The people
Show answer Correct answer: D — The people
Why? Inuit means "the people" in Inuktitut. "Our land" is the meaning of Nunavut, and "village" is the meaning of the word kanata. Source
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Multiple choice
Who are the Métis? A A distinct people of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry B Descendants of the first Viking settlers C French colonists who were deported from the Maritimes D Loyalists who came from the United States
Show answer Correct answer: A — A distinct people of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry
Why? The Métis are a distinct people of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry. Most live in the Prairie provinces and some speak their own dialect, Michif. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the name of the Métis dialect mentioned in Discover Canada? A Michif B Inuktitut C Chinook D Gaelic
Show answer Correct answer: A — Michif
Why? The Métis have both French and English roots and speak their own dialect, Michif. Inuktitut is the language of the Inuit. Source
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Multiple choice
Where do most Métis people live? A In the Atlantic provinces B In the Prairie provinces C In Nunavut D In southern Ontario
Show answer Correct answer: B — In the Prairie provinces
Why? The majority of the Métis live in the Prairie provinces. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these groups makes up the largest share of the Aboriginal population, according to Discover Canada? A Métis B Inuit C Acadians (Aboriginal people of the Maritimes) D First Nations
Show answer Correct answer: D — First Nations
Why? The guide says about 65% of Aboriginal people are First Nations, 30% Métis and 4% Inuit. Acadians are not an Aboriginal group. Source
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Multiple choice
Which document of 1763, issued by King George III, first guaranteed territorial rights of Aboriginal peoples? A The Quebec Act B The Treaty of Paris C The Royal Proclamation D The Constitutional Act
Show answer Correct answer: C — The Royal Proclamation
Why? The Royal Proclamation of 1763 by King George III established the basis for negotiating treaties with Aboriginal peoples. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year did the Government of Canada formally apologize to former students of residential schools? A 1982 B 2008 C 1960 D 1999
Show answer Correct answer: B — 2008
Why? From the 1800s until the 1980s many Aboriginal children were placed in residential schools; Ottawa formally apologized to former students in 2008. Source
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Multiple choice
What was the purpose of residential schools, according to Discover Canada? A To teach Aboriginal languages to settlers B To train Aboriginal leaders for Parliament C To assimilate Aboriginal children into mainstream culture D To give Aboriginal children better farmland
Show answer Correct answer: C — To assimilate Aboriginal children into mainstream culture
Why? The federal government placed many Aboriginal children in residential schools to educate and assimilate them; their languages and cultural practices were mostly prohibited. Source
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Multiple choice
Which is the only officially bilingual province? A Quebec, where most people speak French B Ontario C Manitoba D New Brunswick
Show answer Correct answer: D — New Brunswick
Why? New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province. Quebec's population is mostly French-speaking, but it is not officially bilingual. Source
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Multiple choice
What are Canada's two official languages? A English and French B English and Inuktitut C French and Spanish D English and Gaelic
Show answer Correct answer: A — English and French
Why? English and French are the two official languages, and the federal government is required by law to provide services in both throughout Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
Who are the Acadians? A Descendants of British soldiers who settled in Upper Canada B First Nations people of the Pacific coast C Settlers from Iceland who reached Newfoundland D Descendants of French colonists who settled the Maritimes from 1604
Show answer Correct answer: D — Descendants of French colonists who settled the Maritimes from 1604
Why? The Acadians are descendants of French colonists who began settling in what are now the Maritime provinces in 1604. Source
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Multiple choice
What name is given to the deportation of the Acadians between 1755 and 1763? A The Quiet Revolution B The Great Upheaval C The Great Migration D The Long March
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Great Upheaval
Why? During the war between Britain and France, more than two-thirds of the Acadians were deported from their homeland. This ordeal is known as the Great Upheaval. Source
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Multiple choice
In 2006, the House of Commons recognized the Québécois as: A A nation within a united Canada B An independent country C A separate province from Canada D A minority with no special status
Show answer Correct answer: A — A nation within a united Canada
Why? In 2006 the House of Commons recognized that the Québécois form a nation within a united Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
In which province do most Francophones live? A New Brunswick B Ontario C Quebec D Manitoba
Show answer Correct answer: C — Quebec
Why? Most Francophones live in Quebec; about one million live in Ontario, New Brunswick and Manitoba, with smaller numbers elsewhere. Source
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Multiple choice
Since the 1970s, where have most immigrants to Canada come from? A European countries B Asian countries C The United States D African countries
Show answer Correct answer: B — Asian countries
Why? Discover Canada notes that since the 1970s most immigrants have come from Asian countries. Source
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Multiple choice
Which religious affiliation do the largest number of Canadians share, according to Discover Canada? A Protestant B Muslim C Catholic D Jewish
Show answer Correct answer: C — Catholic
Why? The great majority of Canadians identify as Christian; the largest religious affiliation is Catholic, followed by various Protestant churches. Source
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Multiple choice
Which phrase comes from the British North America Act of 1867? A Peace, order and good government B From sea to sea C Strong and free, from the first national anthem D The true north
Show answer Correct answer: A — Peace, order and good government
Why? "Peace, order and good government" comes from the British North America Act of 1867. "From sea to sea" is the national motto. Source
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Multiple choice
Canada is the only constitutional monarchy in which part of the world? A The Commonwealth B The Northern Hemisphere C The G7 D North America
Show answer Correct answer: D — North America
Why? Discover Canada describes Canada as the only constitutional monarchy in North America. Several other Commonwealth countries are monarchies too. Source
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Multiple choice
What legal protection do gay and lesbian Canadians have? A Protection only in some provinces B Equal treatment in most areas, but no access to civil marriage C Full protection and equal treatment, including access to civil marriage D No specific protection under the law
Show answer Correct answer: C — Full protection and equal treatment, including access to civil marriage
Why? Gay and lesbian Canadians enjoy the full protection of and equal treatment under the law, including access to civil marriage. Source
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Multiple choice
Who were the Black Loyalists who came to Nova Scotia in the 1780s? A Soldiers sent by the King of France to defend Acadia B Fur traders of the Hudson's Bay Company C Farmers invited from the Caribbean in 1900 D Freed and escaped slaves of African origin fleeing the American Revolution
Show answer Correct answer: D — Freed and escaped slaves of African origin fleeing the American Revolution
Why? In the 1780s Black Loyalists, freedmen and slaves of African origin, fled the American Revolution and settled in Nova Scotia. Source
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Multiple choice
What are English-speaking Canadians generally called, according to Discover Canada? A Anglo-Quebecers, wherever they live B English Canadians C Loyalists D Upper Canadians
Show answer Correct answer: B — English Canadians
Why? Anglophones are generally referred to as English Canadians. Anglo-Quebecers are the English-speaking people of Quebec. Source
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Multiple choice
In two of Canada's largest cities, which languages are the second most spoken at home after English? A Chinese languages B Spanish and Portuguese C German D Italian
Show answer Correct answer: A — Chinese languages
Why? Discover Canada says Chinese languages are the second most spoken at home after English in two of Canada's biggest cities, Vancouver and Toronto. Source
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Multiple choice
About half of First Nations people live where, according to Discover Canada? A In the Northwest Territories and Nunavut only B In Quebec City and Montreal C On farms in the Prairies D On reserve land in about 600 communities
Show answer Correct answer: D — On reserve land in about 600 communities
Why? About half of First Nations people live on reserve land in about 600 communities; the other half live off-reserve, mainly in cities. Source
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Multiple choice
What is expected of newcomers to Canada who come from places of conflict? A To keep the political quarrels of their former country alive B To embrace democratic principles such as the rule of law C To join the armed forces for two years D To live only with people from the same country
Show answer Correct answer: B — To embrace democratic principles such as the rule of law
Why? Newcomers are expected to embrace democratic principles such as the rule of law; past conflict is no excuse for importing extreme, hateful or violent prejudices. Source
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Canada's history Multiple choice
About 1,000 years ago, which Europeans reached Labrador and Newfoundland? A Vikings from Iceland B Basque fishermen from Spain C Portuguese sailors D Dutch merchants
Show answer Correct answer: A — Vikings from Iceland
Why? The Vikings from Iceland, who had colonized Greenland, reached Labrador and Newfoundland about 1,000 years ago; their settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows is a World Heritage site. Source
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Multiple choice
Where is the remains of the Viking settlement in Canada, now a World Heritage site? A Port-Royal B St. Croix Island C L'Anse aux Meadows D Louisbourg
Show answer Correct answer: C — L'Anse aux Meadows
Why? The remains of the Viking settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, are a World Heritage site. Source
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Multiple choice
Who was the first explorer to map Canada's Atlantic coast, in 1497? A John Cabot B Jacques Cartier C Samuel de Champlain D Martin Frobisher
Show answer Correct answer: A — John Cabot
Why? John Cabot, an Italian immigrant to England, mapped Canada's Atlantic shore in 1497 and claimed Newfoundland for England. Source
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Multiple choice
Which explorer made three voyages across the Atlantic between 1534 and 1542 and claimed the land for the King of France? A John Cabot B Jacques Cartier C Pierre de Monts D Henry Hudson
Show answer Correct answer: B — Jacques Cartier
Why? Between 1534 and 1542 Jacques Cartier made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France. Source
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Multiple choice
Where does the name "Canada" come from? A A Spanish phrase meaning nothing here B The name of a French king C An Inuktitut word meaning our land D The Iroquoian word kanata, meaning village
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Iroquoian word kanata, meaning village
Why? Jacques Cartier heard two guides speak the Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village". By the 1550s the name Canada began appearing on maps. Source
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Multiple choice
In 1604, who established the first European settlement north of Florida? A John Cabot and his sons B Jacques Cartier and Count Frontenac C Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain D James Wolfe and Guy Carleton
Show answer Correct answer: C — Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain
Why? In 1604 Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain established the first European settlement north of Florida, first on St. Croix Island and then at Port-Royal in Acadia. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year did Samuel de Champlain build a fortress at what is now Québec City? A 1534 B 1670 C 1759 D 1608
Show answer Correct answer: D — 1608
Why? Champlain built a fortress at what is now Québec City in 1608. Source
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Multiple choice
Which First Nations confederacy fought against the French colony for a century, before peace was made in 1701? A The Huron-Wendat of the Great Lakes B The Iroquois Confederacy C The Algonquin D The Montagnais
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Iroquois Confederacy
Why? Champlain allied the colony with the Algonquin, Montagnais and Huron, enemies of the Iroquois, who fought the French for a century until peace was made in 1701. Source
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Multiple choice
In 1670, King Charles II of England granted exclusive trading rights over the Hudson Bay watershed to: A The Hudson's Bay Company B The North West Mounted Police C The Canadian Pacific Railway D The East India Company
Show answer Correct answer: A — The Hudson's Bay Company
Why? In 1670 King Charles II granted the Hudson's Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay. Source
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Multiple choice
What was the early economy of New France and the Hudson Bay region mainly based on? A Gold mining B Oil and gas C The fur trade D Car manufacturing
Show answer Correct answer: C — The fur trade
Why? The early colonies were built on the fur trade; voyageurs and coureurs des bois traded furs in alliance with First Nations. Source
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Multiple choice
Which battle in 1759 ended France's empire in America? A The Battle of the Plains of Abraham B The Battle of Queenston Heights near Niagara C The Battle of Châteauguay D The Battle of Vimy Ridge
Show answer Correct answer: A — The Battle of the Plains of Abraham
Why? In 1759 the British defeated the French at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Québec City, marking the end of France's empire in America. Source
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Multiple choice
Which two commanders were killed at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham? A Sir Isaac Brock and Chief Tecumseh B Count Frontenac and Pierre d'Iberville C General James Wolfe and the Marquis de Montcalm D Sir Guy Carleton and Lieutenant-Colonel Charles de Salaberry
Show answer Correct answer: C — General James Wolfe and the Marquis de Montcalm
Why? The commanders of both armies, Brigadier James Wolfe and the Marquis de Montcalm, were killed leading their troops in 1759. Source
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Multiple choice
What did the Quebec Act of 1774 do? A It united Upper and Lower Canada under one elected assembly and one governor B It created the Dominion of Canada C It abolished slavery in the colony D It gave Catholics religious freedom and restored French civil law
Show answer Correct answer: D — It gave Catholics religious freedom and restored French civil law
Why? The Quebec Act of 1774 allowed religious freedom for Catholics, permitted them to hold public office, and restored French civil law while keeping British criminal law. Source
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Multiple choice
Who were the United Empire Loyalists? A French soldiers who stayed in the colony after the defeat of 1759 B Colonists who stayed loyal to the Crown and left the United States for Canada C Métis fighters who followed Louis Riel D Irish immigrants who came after 1840
Show answer Correct answer: B — Colonists who stayed loyal to the Crown and left the United States for Canada
Why? People loyal to the Crown, the Loyalists, fled oppression in the American colonies and settled in Nova Scotia and Quebec after the American Revolution. Source
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Multiple choice
Where was the first representative assembly elected in what is now Canada, in 1758? A Québec City B Halifax, Nova Scotia C York (Toronto), in Upper Canada D Charlottetown
Show answer Correct answer: B — Halifax, Nova Scotia
Why? Democratic institutions developed gradually; the first representative assembly was elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1758. Source
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Multiple choice
The Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the Province of Quebec into: A Nova Scotia and New Brunswick B Manitoba and the Northwest Territories C Ontario and the Hudson Bay territory D Upper Canada and Lower Canada
Show answer Correct answer: D — Upper Canada and Lower Canada
Why? In 1791 the Constitutional Act divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (later Ontario) and Lower Canada (later Quebec) and gave them elected assemblies. Source
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Multiple choice
Which was the first province in the British Empire to move towards abolishing slavery, in 1793? A Upper Canada B Lower Canada C Nova Scotia D Prince Edward Island
Show answer Correct answer: A — Upper Canada
Why? In 1793 Upper Canada, led by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolition. Source
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Multiple choice
Who founded the City of York, now Toronto? A Sir John A. Macdonald B Samuel de Champlain, after founding Québec C Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe D Lord Durham
Show answer Correct answer: C — Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe
Why? John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, founded the City of York, today Toronto. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year did Britain abolish slavery throughout the Empire? A 1793 B 1833 C 1867 D 1807
Show answer Correct answer: B — 1833
Why? The British Parliament prohibited the buying and selling of slaves in 1807, and in 1833 abolished slavery throughout the Empire. Source
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Multiple choice
In the War of 1812, which country invaded Canada? A The United States B France, to win back New France C Spain D Russia
Show answer Correct answer: A — The United States
Why? In June 1812 the United States launched an invasion of Canada; Canadian volunteers, First Nations and British soldiers defended the country. Source
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Multiple choice
Which British major-general captured Detroit in 1812 and was later killed at Queenston Heights? A Sir Guy Carleton B James Wolfe C Robert Ross D Sir Isaac Brock
Show answer Correct answer: D — Sir Isaac Brock
Why? Major-General Sir Isaac Brock captured Detroit in 1812 but was killed while defending against an American attack at Queenston Heights, near Niagara Falls. Source
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Multiple choice
Which Shawnee chief supported the British during the War of 1812? A Big Bear B Poundmaker C Tecumseh D Joseph Brant
Show answer Correct answer: C — Tecumseh
Why? Shawnee warriors led by Chief Tecumseh supported the British in the defence of Canada in 1812. Source
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Multiple choice
Who led about 460 soldiers, mostly French Canadiens, to turn back an American invasion at Châteauguay in 1813? A Lieutenant-Colonel Charles de Salaberry B Major-General Sir Isaac Brock and his militia C Count Frontenac D Louis-Joseph Papineau
Show answer Correct answer: A — Lieutenant-Colonel Charles de Salaberry
Why? In 1813 Lieutenant-Colonel Charles de Salaberry and some 460 soldiers, mostly French Canadiens, turned back 4,000 American invaders at Châteauguay, south of Montreal. Source
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Multiple choice
Laura Secord is remembered for: A Being the first woman elected to Parliament B Founding the first newspaper published by a woman C Winning the right to vote for women in Manitoba in 1916 D Walking about 30 km to warn of an American attack in 1813
Show answer Correct answer: D — Walking about 30 km to warn of an American attack in 1813
Why? In 1813 Laura Secord walked 19 miles (30 km) to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon of a planned American attack, contributing to victory at Beaver Dams. Source
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Multiple choice
In 1814, an expedition led by Major-General Robert Ross burned which building in Washington, D.C.? A The Pentagon B The White House C The Library of Congress D Independence Hall
Show answer Correct answer: B — The White House
Why? In 1814 Major-General Robert Ross led an expedition from Nova Scotia that burned down the White House and other public buildings in Washington. Source
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Multiple choice
Which waterway did the Duke of Wellington choose Bytown (Ottawa) as the endpoint of, after the War of 1812? A The Welland Canal B The St. Lawrence Seaway C The Rideau Canal D The Lachine Canal
Show answer Correct answer: C — The Rideau Canal
Why? The Duke of Wellington sent soldiers to defend Canada and chose Bytown (Ottawa) as the endpoint of the Rideau Canal, part of a network of forts to prevent the U.S. from invading again. Source
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Multiple choice
What happened in Upper and Lower Canada in 1837–38? A The two colonies voted in a referendum to join the United States B Slavery was abolished in both colonies C The capital was moved to Ottawa D Armed rebellions demanding democracy were defeated
Show answer Correct answer: D — Armed rebellions demanding democracy were defeated
Why? In 1837–38 reformers who felt progress to full democracy was too slow led armed rebellions outside Montreal and in Toronto; they were defeated by British troops and Canadian volunteers. Source
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Multiple choice
Who was sent from Britain to report on the 1837–38 rebellions and recommended responsible government? A Lord Elgin B Lord Stanley C Lord Durham D Lord Strathcona
Show answer Correct answer: C — Lord Durham
Why? Lord Durham reported on the rebellions and recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given responsible government. Source
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Multiple choice
In 1840, Upper and Lower Canada were united as: A The Dominion of Canada B The Province of Canada C The Province of Quebec D British North America
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Province of Canada
Why? In 1840 Upper and Lower Canada were united as the Province of Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
What is responsible government? A Ministers need the support of a majority of elected members B The Governor makes all laws alone, without any elected assembly C Judges are elected by the people D Each province chooses its own monarch
Show answer Correct answer: A — Ministers need the support of a majority of elected members
Why? Responsible government means the ministers of the Crown must have the support of a majority of the elected representatives in order to govern. Source
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Multiple choice
Which was the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government, in 1847–48? A Nova Scotia B The Province of Canada C New Brunswick D Newfoundland
Show answer Correct answer: A — Nova Scotia
Why? Nova Scotia was the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government, in 1847–48; the Province of Canada followed in 1849. Source
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Multiple choice
Who became the first leader of a responsible government in Canada, in 1849? A Sir John A. Macdonald B Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine C Joseph Howe of Nova Scotia, a reform leader D Sir Wilfrid Laurier
Show answer Correct answer: B — Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine
Why? Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine, a champion of democracy and French language rights, became the first head of a responsible government in Canada in 1849. Source
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Multiple choice
Who was the first woman publisher in Canada, a founder of The Provincial Freeman in 1853? A Agnes Macphail B Thérèse Casgrain of Quebec C Laura Secord D Mary Ann Shadd Cary
Show answer Correct answer: D — Mary Ann Shadd Cary
Why? Mary Ann Shadd Cary, an outspoken anti-slavery activist, was the first woman publisher in Canada when she helped found The Provincial Freeman in 1853. Source
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Multiple choice
On what date did the Dominion of Canada come into being? A July 1, 1897 B January 1, 1900 C July 1, 1867 D November 11, 1918
Show answer Correct answer: C — July 1, 1867
Why? The Dominion of Canada was officially born on July 1, 1867. Source
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Multiple choice
Which four provinces formed the Dominion of Canada in 1867? A Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba and British Columbia B Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland C Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Nova Scotia D Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
Show answer Correct answer: D — Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
Why? The Dominion of Canada was formed in 1867 by Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Source
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Multiple choice
Who was Canada's first Prime Minister? A Sir John A. Macdonald B Sir George-Étienne Cartier C Sir Wilfrid Laurier D Sir Robert Borden
Show answer Correct answer: A — Sir John A. Macdonald
Why? Sir John A. Macdonald, a Father of Confederation, became Canada's first Prime Minister in 1867. Source
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Multiple choice
Who was the key architect of Confederation from Quebec? A Louis Riel B Sir George-Étienne Cartier C Louis-Joseph Papineau D Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine
Show answer Correct answer: B — Sir George-Étienne Cartier
Why? Sir George-Étienne Cartier, a railway lawyer and Montrealer, was the key architect of Confederation from Quebec. Source
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Multiple choice
Who suggested the term "Dominion of Canada" in 1864? A Sir John A. Macdonald B Queen Victoria C Sir Leonard Tilley D Lord Durham
Show answer Correct answer: C — Sir Leonard Tilley
Why? Sir Leonard Tilley, a Father of Confederation from New Brunswick, suggested the term Dominion of Canada in 1864, inspired by Psalm 72 in the Bible. Source
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Multiple choice
Who led the Métis uprising at Red River in 1869? A Gabriel Dumont B Louis Riel C Chief Tecumseh D Big Bear
Show answer Correct answer: B — Louis Riel
Why? When Canada took over the Northwest from the Hudson's Bay Company without consulting the Métis of Red River, Louis Riel led an armed uprising and seized Fort Garry. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province was created in 1870 after the Red River uprising? A Saskatchewan B Alberta C Manitoba D British Columbia
Show answer Correct answer: C — Manitoba
Why? After Ottawa sent soldiers to retake Fort Garry in 1870, the province of Manitoba was established. Source
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Multiple choice
Who was the Métis' greatest military leader in 1885? A Louis Riel B Chief Poundmaker C Sir Isaac Brock D Gabriel Dumont
Show answer Correct answer: D — Gabriel Dumont
Why? In 1885 a second rebellion in present-day Saskatchewan was put down; Gabriel Dumont was the Métis' greatest military leader. Source
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Multiple choice
Why did Sir John A. Macdonald establish the North West Mounted Police in 1873? A To pacify the West and assist in negotiations with First Nations B To guard the border between Yukon and Alaska during the Gold Rush C To collect taxes in Quebec D To fight in the South African War
Show answer Correct answer: A — To pacify the West and assist in negotiations with First Nations
Why? In 1873 Macdonald established the North West Mounted Police to pacify the West and assist in negotiations with the First Nations; it is the forerunner of the RCMP. Source
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Multiple choice
British Columbia joined Canada in 1871 after Ottawa promised to build: A A railway to the West Coast B A canal through the Rockies C A university in Victoria D A bridge to Vancouver Island
Show answer Correct answer: A — A railway to the West Coast
Why? British Columbia joined Confederation in 1871 after Ottawa promised to build a railway to the West Coast. Source
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Multiple choice
Who drove the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1885? A Sir Sandford Fleming, the railway engineer B Sir John A. Macdonald C Lord Stanley D Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona)
Show answer Correct answer: D — Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona)
Why? On November 7, 1885, Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona), a director of the CPR, drove the last spike. Source
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Multiple choice
Which workers helped build the Canadian Pacific Railway? A Only soldiers of the British army B Only Métis workers C European and Chinese workers D American prisoners of war
Show answer Correct answer: C — European and Chinese workers
Why? The railway was built by European and Chinese labour. Chinese workers later faced the Head Tax, for which the Government of Canada apologized in 2006. Source
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Multiple choice
Which two provinces were created in 1905? A Manitoba and British Columbia B Alberta and Saskatchewan C Newfoundland and Labrador and Nunavut D Yukon and the Northwest Territories
Show answer Correct answer: B — Alberta and Saskatchewan
Why? Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905. Source
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Multiple choice
In which war did more than 7,000 Canadians volunteer to fight between 1899 and 1902? A The Crimean War against Russia B The Korean War C The First World War D The South African War (Boer War)
Show answer Correct answer: D — The South African War (Boer War)
Why? More than 7,000 Canadians volunteered to fight in the South African War (Boer War) of 1899–1902, and over 260 died. Source
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Multiple choice
In April 1917, the Canadian Corps captured which ridge, an event honoured as a symbol of Canadian sacrifice? A Hill 70 B Queenston Heights C Vimy Ridge D Juno Ridge
Show answer Correct answer: C — Vimy Ridge
Why? In April 1917 the Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge, with 10,000 killed or wounded. April 9 is Vimy Day. Source
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Multiple choice
About how many Canadians served in the First World War, out of a population of eight million? A Over 600,000 B About 60,000 C About 7,000 D Over 6 million
Show answer Correct answer: A — Over 600,000
Why? From a population of eight million, over 600,000 Canadians served in the First World War; about 60,000 were killed. Source
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Multiple choice
Which Canadian general commanded the Canadian Corps in the final hundred days of the First World War? A Major-General Sir Isaac Brock B General Sir Arthur Currie C General Sir Guy Carleton D Air Marshal Billy Bishop
Show answer Correct answer: B — General Sir Arthur Currie
Why? General Sir Arthur Currie, Canada's greatest soldier, commanded the Canadian Corps during the advance of the last hundred days in 1918. Source
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Multiple choice
On what date was the Armistice that ended the First World War signed? A November 11, 1918 B April 9, 1917 C June 6, 1944 D July 1, 1919
Show answer Correct answer: A — November 11, 1918
Why? The Armistice was signed on November 11, 1918. Canadians remember the sacrifice of veterans every year on Remembrance Day, November 11. Source
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Multiple choice
What happened to over 8,000 former Austro-Hungarian subjects, mainly Ukrainian men, between 1914 and 1920? A They were given free farmland in Manitoba and Saskatchewan B They were drafted into the British navy C They were sent back to Europe by ship D They were interned in labour camps across Canada
Show answer Correct answer: D — They were interned in labour camps across Canada
Why? From 1914 to 1920 Ottawa interned over 8,000 former Austro-Hungarian subjects, mainly Ukrainian men, as enemy aliens in 24 labour camps across Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
Which was the first province to grant voting rights to women, in 1916? A Quebec B Manitoba C Ontario D Nova Scotia
Show answer Correct answer: B — Manitoba
Why? Manitoba became the first province to grant voting rights to women in 1916. Source
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Multiple choice
Who was the first woman elected as a member of Parliament, in 1921? A Thérèse Casgrain B Emily Carr C Agnes Macphail D Mary Ann Shadd Cary
Show answer Correct answer: C — Agnes Macphail
Why? Agnes Macphail, a farmer and teacher, became the first woman MP in 1921. Source
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Multiple choice
Largely due to whose efforts did Quebec grant women the vote in 1940? A Laura Secord B Agnes Macphail C Marguerite Bourgeoys D Thérèse Casgrain
Show answer Correct answer: D — Thérèse Casgrain
Why? Quebec granted women the vote in 1940, largely due to the efforts of Thérèse Casgrain and others. Source
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Multiple choice
Which Canadian medical officer wrote the poem "In Flanders Fields" in 1915? A Sir Frederick Banting B Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae C Dr. Wilder Penfield of McGill University D Robert W. Service
Show answer Correct answer: B — Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae
Why? Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae, a Canadian medical officer, wrote "In Flanders Fields" in 1915; it is often recited on Remembrance Day. Source
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Multiple choice
Why do Canadians wear a red poppy on Remembrance Day? A To celebrate the anniversary of Confederation in 1867 B To mark the start of the harvest C To remember the sacrifice of those who served and died D To honour the first Prime Minister
Show answer Correct answer: C — To remember the sacrifice of those who served and died
Why? On Remembrance Day, November 11, Canadians wear the red poppy and observe a moment of silence to honour those who served and died. Source
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Multiple choice
What was the unemployment rate in Canada in 1933, during the Great Depression? A 27% B 7% C 50% D 12%
Show answer Correct answer: A — 27%
Why? The stock market crash of 1929 led to the Great Depression; unemployment reached 27% in 1933. Source
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Multiple choice
Which institution was created in 1934 to manage the money supply and bring stability to the financial system? A The Montreal Stock Exchange B The Bank of Canada C The Royal Canadian Mint D Canada Revenue Agency
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Bank of Canada
Why? The Bank of Canada, a central bank, was created in 1934 to manage the money supply and bring stability to the financial system. Source
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Multiple choice
On D-Day, June 6, 1944, which beach did Canadian troops capture in Normandy? A Omaha Beach B Gold Beach C Juno Beach D Dieppe Beach
Show answer Correct answer: C — Juno Beach
Why? On D-Day, June 6, 1944, 15,000 Canadian troops stormed and captured Juno Beach in Normandy. Source
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Multiple choice
Which country did the Canadian Army liberate in 1944–45? A Poland, after the invasion of 1939 B Norway C Greece D The Netherlands
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Netherlands
Why? The Canadians fought their way inland in 1944–45 and liberated the Netherlands. Source
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Multiple choice
Which Second World War operations in 1941 and 1942 ended in Canadian defeats? A The defence of Hong Kong and the raid on Dieppe B The liberation of Italy and of the Netherlands C D-Day and the Battle of the Atlantic D Vimy Ridge and Passchendaele
Show answer Correct answer: A — The defence of Hong Kong and the raid on Dieppe
Why? Canadians suffered losses in the unsuccessful defence of Hong Kong against Imperial Japan in 1941 and in the failed raid on Dieppe, France, in 1942. Source
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Multiple choice
For what wartime action did the Government of Canada apologize in 1988? A The relocation of Japanese Canadians B The internment of Ukrainian men during the First World War C The Chinese Head Tax D Refusing Jewish refugees in 1939
Show answer Correct answer: A — The relocation of Japanese Canadians
Why? During the Second World War Japanese Canadians were forcibly relocated and their property sold; the Government apologized and compensated the victims in 1988. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year did Newfoundland and Labrador join Canada? A 1867 B 1949 C 1905 D 1999
Show answer Correct answer: B — 1949
Why? Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province joined Canada in 1873? A British Columbia B Manitoba C Prince Edward Island D Newfoundland and Labrador
Show answer Correct answer: C — Prince Edward Island
Why? Prince Edward Island joined Canada in 1873, two years after British Columbia. Source
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Multiple choice
In 1690, who refused to surrender Quebec to the English, saying his reply would come from the mouths of his cannons? A Samuel de Champlain B The Marquis de Montcalm C Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville D Count Frontenac
Show answer Correct answer: D — Count Frontenac
Why? In 1690 Count Frontenac refused to surrender Quebec to the English, answering that his reply would come from the mouths of his cannons. Source
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Multiple choice
What did the British Parliament do in 1807? A It created the Dominion of Canada B It prohibited the buying and selling of slaves C It gave women the right to vote in all elections D It passed the Quebec Act
Show answer Correct answer: B — It prohibited the buying and selling of slaves
Why? In 1807 the British Parliament prohibited the buying and selling of slaves; in 1833 it abolished slavery throughout the Empire. Source
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Multiple choice
Which territory was created in 1898, during the Klondike Gold Rush era? A Nunavut B Northwest Territories C Yukon D Manitoba
Show answer Correct answer: C — Yukon
Why? The Yukon Territory was created in 1898, at the time of the Gold Rush of the 1890s. Source
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Multiple choice
Most Canadian women aged 21 and over gained the right to vote in federal elections in which year? A 1867 B 1940 C 1960 D 1918
Show answer Correct answer: D — 1918
Why? Wartime governments first gave the federal vote to some women; in 1918 most Canadian female citizens aged 21 and over were granted the right to vote in federal elections. Source
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Modern Canada Multiple choice
The discovery of oil in which province in 1947 began Canada's modern energy industry? A Alberta B Saskatchewan C Newfoundland and Labrador D Ontario
Show answer Correct answer: A — Alberta
Why? The discovery of oil in Alberta in 1947 began Canada's modern energy industry. Source
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Multiple choice
Which military alliance did Canada join with other Western democracies during the Cold War? A The Warsaw Pact B La Francophonie C NATO D The Commonwealth
Show answer Correct answer: C — NATO
Why? During the Cold War Canada joined other Western democracies in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a military alliance. Source
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Multiple choice
With which country did Canada form NORAD, the North American Aerospace Defence Command? A The United Kingdom B The United States C Mexico D France
Show answer Correct answer: B — The United States
Why? Canada and the United States formed the North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD). Source
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Multiple choice
In which war did Canada take part in the UN-led defence of South Korea, between 1950 and 1953? A The Korean War B The Vietnam War C The Second World War D The Gulf War
Show answer Correct answer: A — The Korean War
Why? Canada took part in the UN-led defence of South Korea in the Korean War (1950–53), with 500 killed and 1,000 wounded. Source
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Multiple choice
What name is given to the period of rapid change in Quebec in the 1960s? A The Great Upheaval B The Great Depression C The Patriot Rebellion D The Quiet Revolution
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Quiet Revolution
Why? Quebec experienced an era of rapid change in the 1960s known as the Quiet Revolution. Source
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Multiple choice
What does the Official Languages Act of 1969 guarantee? A French as the only language used in Quebec's courts and schools B English as the language of all provincial schools C French and English services from the federal government across Canada D Translation of all private business documents
Show answer Correct answer: C — French and English services from the federal government across Canada
Why? The Official Languages Act (1969) guarantees French and English services in the federal government across Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year did Canada help found La Francophonie, an association of French-speaking countries? A 1867 B 1970 C 1995 D 1949
Show answer Correct answer: B — 1970
Why? In 1970 Canada helped found La Francophonie, an international association of French-speaking countries. Source
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Multiple choice
In which two years did Quebec referendums on sovereignty take place, both defeated? A 1967 and 1982 B 1970 and 1990 C 1960 and 1976 D 1980 and 1995
Show answer Correct answer: D — 1980 and 1995
Why? The movement for Quebec sovereignty was defeated in a referendum in 1980 and again in a second referendum in 1995. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year were Aboriginal people granted the right to vote in federal elections? A 1960 B 1918 C 1948 D 1982
Show answer Correct answer: A — 1960
Why? Aboriginal people were granted the vote in 1960. Today every citizen over 18 may vote. Source
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Multiple choice
In 1948, which group was the last of the Canadians of Asian descent to gain the right to vote? A Chinese Canadians B South Asian Canadians C Korean Canadians D Japanese Canadians
Show answer Correct answer: D — Japanese Canadians
Why? Most Canadians of Asian descent had been denied the vote; in 1948 the last of them, the Japanese Canadians, gained the right to vote. Source
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Multiple choice
About how many refugees escaping Soviet rule in Hungary did Canada welcome in 1956? A About 3,700 B About 370,000 C About 37,000 D About 50,000
Show answer Correct answer: C — About 37,000
Why? Canada welcomed about 37,000 Hungarians who escaped Soviet tyranny in 1956. Source
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Multiple choice
After the Communist victory in the Vietnam War in 1975, over how many Vietnamese fled to Canada? A 5,000 B 50,000 C 500,000 D 15,000
Show answer Correct answer: B — 50,000
Why? After the Communist victory in Vietnam in 1975, many Vietnamese fled; over 50,000 sought refuge in Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
Which Canadian invented basketball in 1891? A James Naismith B Wayne Gretzky, the hockey player C Lord Stanley D Terry Fox
Show answer Correct answer: A — James Naismith
Why? James Naismith, a Canadian, invented basketball in 1891. Source
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Multiple choice
Terry Fox, who lost a leg to cancer, is remembered for which cross-country run in 1980? A The Man in Motion Tour B The Run for Peace C The Marathon of Hope D The Great Trek West
Show answer Correct answer: C — The Marathon of Hope
Why? In 1980 Terry Fox began the Marathon of Hope, a cross-country run to raise money for cancer research. Rick Hansen later circled the globe in a wheelchair. Source
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Multiple choice
Rick Hansen circled the globe in a wheelchair in 1985 to raise money for: A Cancer research B Children's hospitals C Heart disease research D Spinal cord research
Show answer Correct answer: D — Spinal cord research
Why? In 1985 Rick Hansen, a British Columbian, circled the globe in a wheelchair to raise funds for spinal cord research. Source
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Multiple choice
Who scored the winning goal for Canada in the 1972 Canada–Soviet Summit Series? A Paul Henderson B Wayne Gretzky C Donovan Bailey D Mark Tewksbury
Show answer Correct answer: A — Paul Henderson
Why? In 1972 Paul Henderson scored the winning goal in the Canada–Soviet Summit Series, "the goal heard around the world". Source
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Multiple choice
Which trophy do Canadian Football League teams compete for? A The Stanley Cup B The Grey Cup C The Clarkson Cup D The Davis Cup
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Grey Cup
Why? CFL teams compete for the Grey Cup, donated by Lord Grey, the Governor General, in 1909. The Stanley Cup is for hockey. Source
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Multiple choice
Who discovered insulin, a treatment that has saved millions of lives? A Alexander Graham Bell and Reginald Fessenden B Wilder Penfield and John Hopps C Gerhard Herzberg and John Polanyi D Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best
Show answer Correct answer: D — Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best
Why? Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best of Toronto discovered insulin, which has saved millions of lives around the world. Source
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Multiple choice
Which inventor developed the snowmobile? A Sir Sandford Fleming, the engineer B Mike Lazaridis C Joseph-Armand Bombardier D Reginald Fessenden
Show answer Correct answer: C — Joseph-Armand Bombardier
Why? Joseph-Armand Bombardier invented the snowmobile, a light winter vehicle. Source
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Multiple choice
Who invented the worldwide system of standard time zones? A Sir Sandford Fleming B Alexander Graham Bell C Sir William Logan D Marshall McLuhan
Show answer Correct answer: A — Sir Sandford Fleming
Why? Sir Sandford Fleming invented the worldwide system of standard time zones. Source
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Multiple choice
Which robotic arm, used in outer space, was invented in Canada? A The Avro Arrow B The Canadarm C The BlackBerry D The Bluenose
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Canadarm
Why? SPAR Aerospace and the National Research Council invented the Canadarm, a robotic arm used in outer space. Source
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Multiple choice
Where did Alexander Graham Bell conceive the idea of the telephone? A In his laboratory in London B At his summer house in Canada C At a university in Paris D On a ship crossing the Atlantic
Show answer Correct answer: B — At his summer house in Canada
Why? Alexander Graham Bell conceived the idea of the telephone at his summer house in Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
Who invented the first cardiac pacemaker? A Dr. Wilder Penfield B Sir Frederick Banting C Dr. John A. Hopps D Dr. Norman Bethune
Show answer Correct answer: C — Dr. John A. Hopps
Why? Dr. John A. Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker, used today to save the lives of people with heart disease. Source
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Multiple choice
Which group of painters, founded in 1920, developed a style to capture Canada's rugged wilderness? A Les Automatistes B The Painters Eleven C The Beaver Hall Group D The Group of Seven
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Group of Seven
Why? The Group of Seven, founded in 1920, developed a style of painting to capture the rugged wilderness landscape. Source
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Multiple choice
Which painter is known for her paintings of the West Coast forests and Aboriginal artifacts? A Emily Carr B Kenojuak Ashevak C Margaret Laurence D Pauline Johnson
Show answer Correct answer: A — Emily Carr
Why? Emily Carr painted the forests and Aboriginal artifacts of the West Coast. Source
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Multiple choice
Who pioneered modern Inuit art with etchings, prints and soapstone sculptures? A Emily Carr B Jean-Paul Riopelle C Tom Thomson D Kenojuak Ashevak
Show answer Correct answer: D — Kenojuak Ashevak
Why? Kenojuak Ashevak pioneered modern Inuit art with etchings, prints and soapstone sculptures. Source
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Multiple choice
In 1951, what became possible for a majority of Canadians for the first time, according to Discover Canada? A Owning a television set B Voting in federal elections without owning property C Affording adequate food, shelter and clothing D Attending university for free
Show answer Correct answer: C — Affording adequate food, shelter and clothing
Why? In 1951, for the first time, a majority of Canadians were able to afford adequate food, shelter and clothing. Source
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Multiple choice
Which program, introduced by the federal government in 1940, is now called employment insurance? A Old Age Security B Unemployment insurance C The Canada Pension Plan D The Canada Health Act
Show answer Correct answer: B — Unemployment insurance
Why? Unemployment insurance, now called employment insurance, was introduced by the federal government in 1940. Source
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Multiple choice
Who provides publicly funded education in Canada? A The provinces and territories B The federal government C Municipal police services D The Senate
Show answer Correct answer: A — The provinces and territories
Why? Publicly funded education is provided by the provinces and territories. Source
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Multiple choice
Which wheelchair racer became a world champion and Paralympic gold medallist? A Catriona Le May Doan B Chantal Petitclerc C Mark Tewksbury D Donovan Bailey
Show answer Correct answer: B — Chantal Petitclerc
Why? Chantal Petitclerc became a world champion wheelchair racer and Paralympic gold medallist. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year were the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans created? A 1965 B 1927 C 1940 D 1982
Show answer Correct answer: A — 1965
Why? The Canada and Quebec Pension Plans were created in 1965; Old Age Security was devised as early as 1927. Source
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How Canadians govern themselves Multiple choice
What are the three key facts of Canada's system of government? A A unitary state, a presidential republic and a direct democracy B A federal republic, a one-party state and an absolute monarchy C A federal state, a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy D A confederation of independent provinces with no central government at all
Show answer Correct answer: C — A federal state, a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy
Why? Discover Canada names three key facts: Canada is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. Source
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Multiple choice
Who is Canada's Head of State? A The Prime Minister B The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court C The Speaker of the House of Commons D The Sovereign (the King or Queen)
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Sovereign (the King or Queen)
Why? In Canada's constitutional monarchy the Head of State is a hereditary Sovereign (King or Queen). The Prime Minister is the Head of Government. Source
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Multiple choice
Who is the Head of Government in Canada? A The Governor General B The Sovereign C The Prime Minister D The Chief Justice
Show answer Correct answer: C — The Prime Minister
Why? The Prime Minister is the Head of Government and is distinct from the Head of State, the Sovereign. Source
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Multiple choice
Who represents the Sovereign in Canada at the federal level? A The Prime Minister B The Lieutenant Governor C The Speaker of the Senate D The Governor General
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Governor General
Why? The Sovereign is represented in Canada by the Governor General, appointed by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister, usually for five years. Source
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Multiple choice
Who represents the Sovereign in each of the ten provinces? A A Commissioner B A Lieutenant Governor C A Premier D A Senator
Show answer Correct answer: B — A Lieutenant Governor
Why? In each of the ten provinces the Sovereign is represented by a Lieutenant Governor, appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister. Source
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Multiple choice
In the three territories, who represents the federal government and plays a ceremonial role? A A Commissioner B A Lieutenant Governor C A Premier D A Senator
Show answer Correct answer: A — A Commissioner
Why? In the three territories a Commissioner represents the federal government and plays a ceremonial role. Source
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Multiple choice
What are the three parts of Parliament? A The Prime Minister, the Cabinet and the courts B The Senate, the House of Commons and the Supreme Court C The Sovereign, the Senate and the House of Commons D The Governor General, the Premiers and the mayors
Show answer Correct answer: C — The Sovereign, the Senate and the House of Commons
Why? Parliament has three parts: the Sovereign (King or Queen), the Senate and the House of Commons. Source
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Multiple choice
How are senators chosen? A They are elected by the voters of each province at the same time as MPs B They are chosen by the provincial Premiers C They are elected by members of the House of Commons D The Governor General appoints them on the Prime Minister's advice
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Governor General appoints them on the Prime Minister's advice
Why? Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and serve until age 75. Source
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Multiple choice
Until what age can senators serve? A 75 B 65 C 70 D For life
Show answer Correct answer: A — 75
Why? Senators serve until the age of 75. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the final step before a bill passed by both Houses becomes law? A A national referendum B Royal Assent C Approval by the Supreme Court D A vote by the provincial legislatures
Show answer Correct answer: B — Royal Assent
Why? A bill must be passed by both chambers and receive Royal Assent, granted by the Governor General on behalf of the Sovereign, before it becomes law. Source
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Multiple choice
During which stage do committee members study a bill clause by clause? A First reading B Royal Assent C Report stage D Committee stage
Show answer Correct answer: D — Committee stage
Why? At committee stage, committee members study the bill clause by clause. At report stage members can make other amendments. Source
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Multiple choice
What happens at the first reading of a bill? A Members debate the principle of the bill and vote on it B The bill receives Royal Assent C The bill is considered read for the first time and is printed D The Senate votes on the bill
Show answer Correct answer: C — The bill is considered read for the first time and is printed
Why? At first reading the bill is considered read for the first time and is printed. The principle of the bill is debated at second reading. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is a federal responsibility? A Education B National defence C Municipal government D Highways
Show answer Correct answer: B — National defence
Why? Federal responsibilities include defence, foreign policy, interprovincial trade and communications, currency, navigation, criminal law and citizenship. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is a provincial responsibility? A Education B Currency C Foreign policy D Citizenship
Show answer Correct answer: A — Education
Why? Provinces are responsible for municipal government, education, health, natural resources, property and civil rights, and highways. Source
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Multiple choice
Which two areas do the federal government and the provinces share? A Defence and currency B Education and health C Agriculture and immigration D Criminal law and citizenship
Show answer Correct answer: C — Agriculture and immigration
Why? The federal government and the provinces share jurisdiction over agriculture and immigration. Source
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Multiple choice
In which document were federal and provincial responsibilities first defined in 1867? A The British North America Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867) B The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, adopted the same year C The Quebec Act D The Official Languages Act
Show answer Correct answer: A — The British North America Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867)
Why? Federal and provincial responsibilities were defined in 1867 in the British North America Act, now known as the Constitution Act, 1867. Source
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Multiple choice
Who selects the Cabinet ministers? A The Governor General alone B The voters in a separate election C The Senate D The Prime Minister
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Prime Minister
Why? The Prime Minister selects the Cabinet ministers and is responsible for the operations and policy of the government. Source
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Multiple choice
What must Cabinet ministers do if they are defeated in a non-confidence vote? A Dissolve the Senate B Resign C Ask the Supreme Court to decide D Stay in office for another year
Show answer Correct answer: B — Resign
Why? Cabinet ministers are responsible to the elected representatives: they must retain the confidence of the House and resign if defeated in a non-confidence vote. Source
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Multiple choice
What are the three branches of government in Canada? A Federal, provincial and municipal B Senate, House of Commons and Cabinet C Executive, legislative and judicial D Police, courts and prisons
Show answer Correct answer: C — Executive, legislative and judicial
Why? There are three branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. Federal, provincial and municipal are levels (orders) of government. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the elected head of a provincial government called? A The Lieutenant Governor B The Premier C The Commissioner D The Governor General
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Premier
Why? In each province the Premier has a role similar to that of the Prime Minister in the federal government. Source
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Multiple choice
What are elected members of provincial legislatures called? A MLAs, MNAs, MPPs or MHAs, depending on the province B Senators of the province, appointed for life C Commissioners D Lieutenant Governors
Show answer Correct answer: A — MLAs, MNAs, MPPs or MHAs, depending on the province
Why? Provincial and territorial legislators are called MLAs, MNAs, MPPs or MHAs, depending on the province or territory. Source
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Multiple choice
Why do the three territories not have provincial status? A They were never part of Canada B They have no elected assemblies C They are governed by the United Kingdom D They have small populations
Show answer Correct answer: D — They have small populations
Why? The three territories have small populations and do not have the status of provinces, but their governments carry out many similar functions. Source
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Multiple choice
How often are members of the House of Commons traditionally elected? A Every two years B Every four years C Every six years D Every ten years, after each census
Show answer Correct answer: B — Every four years
Why? Members of the House of Commons (MPs) are elected by the people, traditionally every four years. Source
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Multiple choice
As Head of the Commonwealth, the Sovereign links Canada to: A The United States only B The European Union C The member countries of NATO only D Many other nations that cooperate together
Show answer Correct answer: D — Many other nations that cooperate together
Why? As Head of the Commonwealth, the Sovereign links Canada to other nations that cooperate to advance social, economic and cultural progress. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these countries is also a constitutional monarchy, according to Discover Canada? A The United States B France C Norway D Mexico
Show answer Correct answer: C — Norway
Why? Other constitutional monarchies named in the guide include Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Spain, Japan and others. Source
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Multiple choice
In a parliamentary democracy, what do elected representatives do? A Pass laws, approve spending and hold the government to account B Appoint all judges for life and run the courts of every province C Command the armed forces directly D Choose the Sovereign
Show answer Correct answer: A — Pass laws, approve spending and hold the government to account
Why? Elected representatives in Parliament and the legislatures pass laws, approve and monitor spending, and keep the government accountable. Source
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Multiple choice
Which body forms the legislature in a province? A The Senate and the House of Commons B The Lieutenant Governor and the elected Assembly C The Premier and the mayors D The Commissioner and the Cabinet
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Lieutenant Governor and the elected Assembly
Why? In each province the legislature is made up of the Lieutenant Governor and the elected Legislative Assembly. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is the responsibility of municipal governments? A National defence and the armed forces B Foreign policy C Citizenship D Garbage and snow removal
Show answer Correct answer: D — Garbage and snow removal
Why? Municipal governments are usually responsible for local matters such as urban planning, roads, garbage and snow removal, firefighting and recreation. Source
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Multiple choice
Who leads a municipal council? A A Lieutenant Governor B A senator C A mayor or reeve D A Commissioner
Show answer Correct answer: C — A mayor or reeve
Why? A municipal government usually has a council that passes by-laws; it is led by a mayor (or reeve) with councillors or aldermen. Source
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Multiple choice
Who is responsible for matters such as housing and schools on First Nations reserves? A Band chiefs and councillors B The RCMP C The Senate D Provincial Lieutenant Governors
Show answer Correct answer: A — Band chiefs and councillors
Why? First Nations have band chiefs and councillors who have major responsibilities on reserves, including housing, schools and other services. Source
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Multiple choice
In Canada's constitutional monarchy, what role does the Sovereign play? A A non-partisan role within Parliament B The leader of the governing party in the House of Commons C The head of the Supreme Court D The person who writes the federal budget
Show answer Correct answer: A — A non-partisan role within Parliament
Why? The Sovereign is part of Parliament and plays a non-partisan role, reigning in accordance with the Constitution and the rule of law. Source
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Multiple choice
Who grants Royal Assent to bills on behalf of the Sovereign at the federal level? A The Prime Minister B The Governor General C The Speaker of the House D The Chief Justice
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Governor General
Why? Royal Assent is granted by the Governor General on behalf of the Sovereign after a bill passes both chambers. Source
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Multiple choice
How long does a Governor General usually serve? A Two years B Ten years C Five years D Until age 75
Show answer Correct answer: C — Five years
Why? The Governor General is appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister, usually for five years. Senators serve until age 75. Source
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Multiple choice
What does federalism allow the provinces to do, according to Discover Canada? A Print their own currency and set their own interest rates B Sign separate defence treaties C Grant Canadian citizenship D Adopt policies tailored to their own populations
Show answer Correct answer: D — Adopt policies tailored to their own populations
Why? Federalism allows provinces to adopt policies tailored to their own populations and to experiment with new ideas and policies. Source
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Federal elections Multiple choice
Who is eligible to vote in a federal election? A All permanent residents aged 18 or older who have lived in their riding for one year B Canadian citizens aged 18 or older on voting day who are on the voters' list C Canadian citizens aged 16 or older D Anyone who has lived in Canada for one year
Show answer Correct answer: B — Canadian citizens aged 18 or older on voting day who are on the voters' list
Why? To vote in a federal election you must be a Canadian citizen, at least 18 years old on voting day, and on the voters' list. Source
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Multiple choice
What is an electoral district (riding)? A A province or territory that elects its own senators B A city where the Prime Minister lives C A geographical area represented by one member of Parliament D A polling station on election day
Show answer Correct answer: C — A geographical area represented by one member of Parliament
Why? Canada is divided into electoral districts, also known as ridings or constituencies; each is represented by one member of Parliament (MP). Source
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Multiple choice
Which agency runs federal elections and produces the voters' lists? A The RCMP B Statistics Canada C The Senate D Elections Canada
Show answer Correct answer: D — Elections Canada
Why? Elections Canada, a neutral agency of Parliament, produces the voters' lists from the National Register of Electors. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the National Register of Electors? A A permanent database of qualified voters B A list of all candidates and parties registered in an election C The register of members of the Senate D A list of people who have served on juries
Show answer Correct answer: A — A permanent database of qualified voters
Why? The National Register of Electors is a permanent database of Canadian citizens 18 years of age or older who are qualified to vote. Source
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Multiple choice
After an election is called, what do electors in the National Register receive? A A citizenship certificate B A ballot by mail C A jury summons D A voter information card
Show answer Correct answer: D — A voter information card
Why? Electors in the National Register receive a voter information card saying when and where to vote and giving a number to call for an interpreter or special services. Source
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Multiple choice
What does a secret ballot mean? A No one can require you to tell how you voted B Votes are counted in secret by the Prime Minister C Election results are never published D Only the candidates know the voting date
Show answer Correct answer: A — No one can require you to tell how you voted
Why? Canadian law secures the right to a secret ballot: no one, including your employer, family or union, can require you to reveal how you voted. Source
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Multiple choice
Who usually becomes Prime Minister after a federal election? A The candidate who receives the most votes across the whole country B The leader of the party with the most seats C The leader chosen by the Senate D The oldest member of Parliament
Show answer Correct answer: B — The leader of the party with the most seats
Why? Usually, after an election, the leader of the party with the most elected representatives is invited by the Governor General to form the government and becomes Prime Minister. Source
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Multiple choice
What is a majority government? A A government supported by a majority of senators B One that won more than 75% of the votes cast across Canada C One whose party holds at least half of the seats in the House D A government formed by all parties together
Show answer Correct answer: C — One whose party holds at least half of the seats in the House
Why? If the governing party holds at least half of the seats in the House of Commons, it is a majority government; with fewer than half, it is a minority government. Source
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Multiple choice
Which party is the Official Opposition? A The party with the most MPs that is not in power B The party with the fewest MPs C The party that controls the Senate, whatever its seats in the House D Any party that votes against a bill
Show answer Correct answer: A — The party with the most MPs that is not in power
Why? The opposition party with the most members of the House of Commons is the Official Opposition, or His Majesty's Loyal Opposition. Source
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Multiple choice
Under the fixed-date rule described in Discover Canada, federal elections are held on: A The first Tuesday in November every two years B The third Monday in October every four years C July 1 every five years D The second Sunday in May every four years
Show answer Correct answer: B — The third Monday in October every four years
Why? Discover Canada says federal elections are held on the third Monday in October every four years following the last general election; the Prime Minister may ask the Governor General to call an earlier election. Source
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Multiple choice
How do you mark your ballot in a federal election? A Write the name of the party leader you prefer on the back B Rank all candidates from first to last C Mark an X in the circle next to your candidate D Sign your name next to your candidate
Show answer Correct answer: C — Mark an X in the circle next to your candidate
Why? Mark an X in the circle next to the name of the candidate of your choice, fold the ballot and give it to the poll official. Source
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Multiple choice
Who can be a candidate in a federal election? A Any permanent resident B Only members of an existing party C Only people who have served in the Senate D A Canadian citizen aged 18 or older
Show answer Correct answer: D — A Canadian citizen aged 18 or older
Why? Any Canadian citizen who is at least 18 years old can run in a federal election. Source
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Multiple choice
If you are not on the voters' list, can you still vote? A No, only people already on the list before the election was called can vote B Only if you call the Prime Minister's office C Yes, you can register at any time, including on election day D Only in municipal elections
Show answer Correct answer: C — Yes, you can register at any time, including on election day
Why? Even if you are not in the National Register or did not receive a card, you can be added to the voters' list at any time, including on election day. Source
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Multiple choice
Besides voting on election day, how else can you vote in a federal election? A At advance polls or by special ballot B By telling a neighbour your choice C By sending a text message to your MP D Only on election day; there is no other way
Show answer Correct answer: A — At advance polls or by special ballot
Why? You can vote on election day, at advance polls or by special ballot. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the Cabinet responsible for? A Interpreting the Constitution and deciding appeals from the provincial courts B Electing the Prime Minister C Appointing the Sovereign D Running federal departments, preparing the budget and proposing most laws
Show answer Correct answer: D — Running federal departments, preparing the budget and proposing most laws
Why? Cabinet ministers run the federal government departments, prepare the budget and propose most new laws; their decisions can be questioned by all MPs. Source
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Multiple choice
What usually happens if the governing party loses a confidence vote, for example on the budget? A The Senate chooses a new Prime Minister B The government is defeated, which usually leads to an election C The Supreme Court runs the country D Nothing changes; the government always stays in power for its full term
Show answer Correct answer: B — The government is defeated, which usually leads to an election
Why? A government that loses a vote on a major issue such as the budget is usually defeated, which normally results in an election. Source
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Multiple choice
In each electoral district, which candidate wins the seat? A The candidate chosen by the party leader B The candidate who gets more than 75% of the votes C The candidate with the most votes D The oldest candidate
Show answer Correct answer: C — The candidate with the most votes
Why? Voters in each electoral district elect one person; the candidate with the most votes becomes the MP for that district. Source
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Multiple choice
What should you bring to the polling station on election day? A Your voter information card and proof of identity and address B Your passport, your citizenship certificate and a letter from your employer C Your birth certificate only D A recommendation from a candidate
Show answer Correct answer: A — Your voter information card and proof of identity and address
Why? Bring your voter information card and proof of identity and address to your polling station. Source
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Multiple choice
What is a minority government? A A government formed only by senators B One whose party holds fewer than half of the seats in the House C One elected by fewer than 18% of all registered voters in Canada D A government that represents only one province
Show answer Correct answer: B — One whose party holds fewer than half of the seats in the House
Why? If the governing party holds fewer than half of the seats in the House of Commons, it is called a minority government. Source
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Multiple choice
Do provincial and municipal elections follow exactly the same rules as federal elections? A Yes, the rules are identical everywhere B No; voting in them is public, and the results are announced by name C No; only property owners can vote in them D No; they also use secret ballots, but their rules differ
Show answer Correct answer: D — No; they also use secret ballots, but their rules differ
Why? Provincial, territorial and municipal elections are held by secret ballot, but the rules are not the same as for federal elections, so voters should check local rules. Source
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Multiple choice
From which chamber are most Cabinet ministers chosen? A The House of Commons B The Senate C The Supreme Court D The provincial legislatures
Show answer Correct answer: A — The House of Commons
Why? The Prime Minister chooses the Cabinet ministers, most of them from among the members of the House of Commons. Source
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The justice system Multiple choice
In the Canadian justice system, an accused person is: A Presumed guilty until proven innocent B Judged by the police officer who arrests them C Presumed innocent until proven guilty D Held in prison until the trial ends
Show answer Correct answer: C — Presumed innocent until proven guilty
Why? Presumption of innocence: everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty in criminal matters. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the highest court in Canada? A The Federal Court of Canada B The Court of Appeal of Ontario C The Court of King's Bench D The Supreme Court of Canada
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Supreme Court of Canada
Why? The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court. The Federal Court deals with matters concerning the federal government. Source
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Multiple choice
Which court deals with matters concerning the federal government? A Small claims court B The Federal Court of Canada C Family court D Traffic court
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Federal Court of Canada
Why? The Federal Court of Canada deals with matters concerning the federal government. Source
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Multiple choice
What kind of cases does a small claims court hear? A Serious criminal cases B Appeals from the Supreme Court C Civil cases involving small amounts of money D Disputes between two provinces over their borders
Show answer Correct answer: C — Civil cases involving small amounts of money
Why? Small claims courts handle civil cases involving small amounts of money. Source
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Multiple choice
Which police force enforces federal laws throughout Canada? A The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) B The Ontario Provincial Police, which serves all provinces C The Sûreté du Québec D Each city's municipal police
Show answer Correct answer: A — The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
Why? The RCMP enforces federal laws throughout Canada. Ontario and Quebec have their own provincial police forces. Source
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Multiple choice
Which two provinces have their own provincial police forces? A Alberta and British Columbia B Nova Scotia and New Brunswick C Manitoba and Saskatchewan D Ontario and Quebec
Show answer Correct answer: D — Ontario and Quebec
Why? Ontario and Quebec have provincial police forces; in the other provinces and the territories the RCMP serves as the provincial police. Source
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Multiple choice
What does "due process" mean? A Every case must be decided by a judge within one week of the arrest B The government must respect all the legal rights a person is entitled to C Only the police may decide who is guilty D A person must pay a fee before a trial
Show answer Correct answer: B — The government must respect all the legal rights a person is entitled to
Why? Due process means the government must respect all the legal rights a person is entitled to under the law. Source
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Multiple choice
Who must obey Canada's laws? A Everyone, including judges, politicians and the police B Everyone except members of Parliament C Canadian citizens, but not permanent residents or visitors D Everyone except police officers on duty
Show answer Correct answer: A — Everyone, including judges, politicians and the police
Why? Canadian laws apply to everyone, including judges, politicians and the police. Source
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Multiple choice
What can you do if you cannot afford a lawyer? A Ask the police to defend you in court B Ask for legal aid, which is free or low-cost in most communities C Ask the judge to act as your lawyer D Nothing; a criminal trial cannot go ahead without a paid lawyer for each side
Show answer Correct answer: B — Ask for legal aid, which is free or low-cost in most communities
Why? In most communities legal aid services are available free or at low cost for people who cannot pay for a lawyer. Source
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Multiple choice
If you have a concern about the conduct of a police officer, what can you do? A Nothing; the conduct of police officers can never be questioned B Arrest the officer yourself C Ask the Prime Minister to fire the officer D Use the force's process to raise your concern
Show answer Correct answer: D — Use the force's process to raise your concern
Why? You can question police service or conduct; almost all police forces have a process for raising concerns. Source
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Multiple choice
What does the blindfolded Lady Justice represent? A That judges cannot read the laws B That trials must be held in secret C That the law is administered impartially D That the police decide all cases
Show answer Correct answer: C — That the law is administered impartially
Why? The blindfolded Lady Justice symbolizes the impartial administration of the law, considering only the facts. Source
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Multiple choice
In which provinces and territories does the RCMP act as the provincial or territorial police? A Only in the three territories B Only in Ontario and Quebec C Only in the Atlantic provinces D All except Ontario and Quebec
Show answer Correct answer: D — All except Ontario and Quebec
Why? The RCMP serves as the provincial police in all provinces and territories except Ontario and Quebec, which have their own forces. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the role of the courts in Canada? A To settle disputes B To make new laws C To enforce laws on the street D To elect members of Parliament
Show answer Correct answer: A — To settle disputes
Why? Courts settle disputes and police enforce the law; laws are made by elected representatives. Source
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Multiple choice
In which of these situations can you call the police? A If you disagree with a new federal law B If you want to change your tax return C If you witness a crime or someone goes missing D If you want to register to vote
Show answer Correct answer: C — If you witness a crime or someone goes missing
Why? You can ask the police for help in many situations, for example after an accident, a theft or an assault, if you witness a crime or if someone is missing. Source
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Multiple choice
Who makes Canada's laws? A Judges of the Supreme Court B Elected representatives C The RCMP D Lawyers' associations
Show answer Correct answer: B — Elected representatives
Why? Canada is governed by an extensive body of written laws made by elected representatives; the courts interpret and apply them. Source
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Canadian symbols Multiple choice
In which year was the current Canadian flag (the Maple Leaf flag) first raised? A 1867 B 1965 C 1921 D 1982
Show answer Correct answer: B — 1965
Why? A new Canadian flag was raised for the first time in 1965. Its red-white-red pattern comes from the flag of the Royal Military College in Kingston. Source
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Multiple choice
What is Canada's national motto? A A Mari Usque Ad Mare (From sea to sea) B Peace, order and good government, from the 1867 Act C Je me souviens D True north strong and free
Show answer Correct answer: A — A Mari Usque Ad Mare (From sea to sea)
Why? Canada's motto, A Mari Usque Ad Mare, means "from sea to sea" in Latin. "Je me souviens" is Quebec's motto. Source
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Multiple choice
What are Canada's official national colours? A Blue and white B Red and gold C Red and white D Green and white
Show answer Correct answer: C — Red and white
Why? Red and white have been Canada's national colours since 1921, assigned by King George V. Source
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Multiple choice
What is Canada's official summer sport? A Soccer B Canadian football C Baseball D Lacrosse
Show answer Correct answer: D — Lacrosse
Why? Lacrosse, an ancient sport first played by Aboriginal peoples, is the official summer sport. Hockey is the national winter sport. Source
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Multiple choice
Which sport has more registered players than any other in Canada? A Hockey B Curling C Lacrosse D Soccer
Show answer Correct answer: D — Soccer
Why? Hockey is the most popular spectator sport, but soccer has the largest number of registered players of any game in Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
Who donated the Stanley Cup in 1892? A Sir John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister B Lord Stanley, the Governor General C Queen Victoria D Adrienne Clarkson
Show answer Correct answer: B — Lord Stanley, the Governor General
Why? The Stanley Cup, the trophy of professional hockey, was donated in 1892 by Lord Stanley, then Governor General. Source
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Multiple choice
Which trophy for women's hockey was established in 2005 by a former Governor General? A The Clarkson Cup B The Grey Cup C The Stanley Cup D The Lady Byng Trophy
Show answer Correct answer: A — The Clarkson Cup
Why? The Clarkson Cup for women's hockey was established in 2005 by Adrienne Clarkson, the 26th Governor General. Source
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Multiple choice
Which animal appears on the five-cent coin and was a symbol of the Hudson's Bay Company? A The caribou B The loon C The beaver D The polar bear
Show answer Correct answer: C — The beaver
Why? The beaver was adopted centuries ago as a symbol of the Hudson's Bay Company; it is on the five-cent coin. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year was O Canada proclaimed as the national anthem? A 1880 B 1867 C 1980 D 1965
Show answer Correct answer: C — 1980
Why? O Canada was proclaimed as the national anthem in 1980. It was first sung in Québec City in 1880. Source
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Multiple choice
In which city was O Canada first sung, in 1880? A Ottawa B Montreal C Halifax D Québec City
Show answer Correct answer: D — Québec City
Why? O Canada was first sung in Québec City in 1880. Source
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Multiple choice
According to Discover Canada, which is the highest honour available to Canadians, awarded for conspicuous bravery in the presence of the enemy? A The Order of Canada B The Victoria Cross C The Stanley Cup D The Governor General's Award for literature
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Victoria Cross
Why? The Victoria Cross is the highest honour available to Canadians, awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy. The Order of Canada honours achievement and service. Source
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Multiple choice
Who was the first Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross? A Alexander Roberts Dunn B Billy Bishop C William Hall D Robert Hampton Gray, a navy pilot
Show answer Correct answer: A — Alexander Roberts Dunn
Why? Alexander Roberts Dunn, born in present-day Toronto, served in the Charge of the Light Brigade in 1854 and was the first Canadian to be awarded the Victoria Cross. Source
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Multiple choice
Who was the first Black man to receive the Victoria Cross? A Filip Konowal B Paul Triquet C Alexander Roberts Dunn D William Hall
Show answer Correct answer: D — William Hall
Why? William Hall of Horton, Nova Scotia, whose parents were American slaves, was the first Black man to receive the Victoria Cross, for the Siege of Lucknow in 1857. Source
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Multiple choice
Which flying ace from Owen Sound, Ontario, received the Victoria Cross in the First World War? A Robert Hampton Gray B Paul Triquet C Billy Bishop D Arthur Currie
Show answer Correct answer: C — Billy Bishop
Why? Captain (later Air Marshal) Billy Bishop, born in Owen Sound, Ontario, was a flying ace who earned the Victoria Cross in the Royal Flying Corps. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year was the Order of Canada founded? A 1967 B 1867 C 1917 D 1982
Show answer Correct answer: A — 1967
Why? The Order of Canada was founded in 1967, the centennial of Confederation. Source
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Multiple choice
What does the Crown symbolize in Canada? A Only the British royal family living in London B Government, including Parliament, the courts, police and the armed forces C The province of Quebec D The Hudson's Bay Company
Show answer Correct answer: B — Government, including Parliament, the courts, police and the armed forces
Why? The Crown is a symbol of the state in Canada and of government, including Parliament, the legislatures, the courts, police services and the Canadian Forces. Source
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Multiple choice
What does the Peace Tower on Parliament Hill commemorate? A Confederation in 1867 B The War of 1812 C The end of the Cold War D The First World War
Show answer Correct answer: D — The First World War
Why? The Peace Tower was completed in 1927 in memory of the First World War; its Memorial Chamber holds the Books of Remembrance. Source
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Multiple choice
Which part of the original Parliament Buildings survived the fire of 1916? A The Peace Tower B The Senate chamber C The Library D The East Block clock
Show answer Correct answer: C — The Library
Why? The Centre Block was destroyed by an accidental fire in 1916 and rebuilt in 1922; the Library is the only part of the original building remaining. Source
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Multiple choice
What is held in the Memorial Chamber of the Peace Tower? A The original Charter of Rights B The Books of Remembrance C The Crown Jewels D The Stanley Cup
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Books of Remembrance
Why? The Memorial Chamber within the Peace Tower contains the Books of Remembrance, with the names of soldiers, sailors and airmen who died serving Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
When is Canada Day celebrated? A July 1 B June 24 C November 11 D May 24
Show answer Correct answer: A — July 1
Why? Canada Day, July 1, celebrates the anniversary of Confederation in 1867. June 24 is the Fête nationale du Québec. Source
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Multiple choice
What was July 1 called before it was renamed Canada Day in 1982? A Confederation Day B Victoria Day C Dominion Day D Founders' Day
Show answer Correct answer: C — Dominion Day
Why? July 1 was known as Dominion Day until it was renamed Canada Day in 1982. Source
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Multiple choice
When is Remembrance Day? A November 11 B April 9 C July 1 D December 26
Show answer Correct answer: A — November 11
Why? Remembrance Day, November 11, marks the Armistice of 1918 and honours those who served and died. April 9 is Vimy Day. Source
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Multiple choice
Victoria Day, which marks the Sovereign's birthday, is celebrated on: A The first Monday of September B The second Monday of October C January 11 D The Monday preceding May 25
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Monday preceding May 25
Why? Victoria Day, the Sovereign's birthday, is celebrated on the Monday preceding May 25. Source
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Multiple choice
When is Thanksgiving Day in Canada? A The fourth Thursday of November B The second Monday of October C The first Monday of September D The last Monday of May
Show answer Correct answer: B — The second Monday of October
Why? Thanksgiving Day is the second Monday of October. Labour Day is the first Monday of September. Source
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Multiple choice
Which symbol was adopted by the French king in 496 and is part of Quebec's flag? A The fleur-de-lys B The maple leaf C The beaver D The thistle
Show answer Correct answer: A — The fleur-de-lys
Why? The lily flower (fleur-de-lys) is said to have been adopted by the French king in 496; Quebec adopted its own flag based on the Cross and the fleur-de-lys in 1948. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year did Quebec adopt its own flag, based on the Cross and the fleur-de-lys? A 1867 B 1948 C 1965 D 1980
Show answer Correct answer: B — 1948
Why? In 1948 Quebec adopted its own flag, based on the Cross and the fleur-de-lys. Source
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Multiple choice
Which flag is Canada's official Royal Flag? A The Canadian Red Ensign B The fleur-de-lys flag C The Union Jack D The flag of the Royal Military College
Show answer Correct answer: C — The Union Jack
Why? The Union Jack is Canada's official Royal Flag. The Canadian Red Ensign served as the national flag for about 100 years. Source
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Multiple choice
Since when has the maple leaf been used on Canadian military uniforms and insignia? A 1965 B The 1700s C 1921 D The 1850s
Show answer Correct answer: D — The 1850s
Why? The maple leaf was adopted as a symbol by French-Canadians in the 1700s and has appeared on Canadian uniforms and insignia since the 1850s. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is one of the three objectives of the Official Languages Act? A To make English the only language of business B To require all Canadians to speak both official languages at work C To promote equality of French and English in Canadian society D To replace French with English in federal courts
Show answer Correct answer: C — To promote equality of French and English in Canadian society
Why? The Act aims to establish equality of French and English in Parliament and federal institutions, maintain official language minority communities, and promote equality of the two languages in society. Source
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Multiple choice
Which sport is described as Canada's national winter sport and most popular spectator sport? A Curling B Skiing C Lacrosse D Hockey
Show answer Correct answer: D — Hockey
Why? Hockey is Canada's most popular spectator sport and is considered the national winter sport. Lacrosse is the official summer sport. Source
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Multiple choice
Which ice game was introduced to Canada by Scottish pioneers? A Curling B Hockey C Lacrosse D Ringette
Show answer Correct answer: A — Curling
Why? Curling, an ice game introduced by Scottish pioneers, is popular in Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
In which architectural style are the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa? A French Second Empire B Gothic Revival C Modernist D Spanish Colonial
Show answer Correct answer: B — Gothic Revival
Why? The Parliament Buildings are in the Gothic Revival style; Quebec's National Assembly is built in the French Second Empire style. Source
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Multiple choice
Which symbols appear on Canada's coat of arms? A Only a beaver, a canoe and the Peace Tower B Symbols of England, France, Scotland and Ireland, and red maple leaves C The flags of all ten provinces and the three territories D The Peace Tower and the Parliament Buildings
Show answer Correct answer: B — Symbols of England, France, Scotland and Ireland, and red maple leaves
Why? The coat of arms contains symbols of England, France, Scotland and Ireland as well as red maple leaves. Source
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Multiple choice
Who was the last Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross to date, according to Discover Canada? A Billy Bishop, a flying ace of the First World War B Paul Triquet, at Casa Berardi in 1943 C Filip Konowal, at Hill 70 in 1917 D Robert Hampton Gray, a navy pilot killed in 1945
Show answer Correct answer: D — Robert Hampton Gray, a navy pilot killed in 1945
Why? Lieutenant Robert Hampton Gray, a navy pilot from Trail, British Columbia, was killed in August 1945 while sinking a Japanese warship; the guide calls him the last Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross to date. Source
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Canada's economy Multiple choice
Which country is Canada's largest trading partner? A The United States B China C The United Kingdom D Mexico
Show answer Correct answer: A — The United States
Why? The United States is Canada's largest international trading partner, and Canada is also the largest trading partner of the United States. Source
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Multiple choice
What are the three main types of industries in Canada? A Banking, tourism and fishing industries B Mining, energy and forestry industries C Service, manufacturing and natural resource industries D Retail, construction and government industries
Show answer Correct answer: C — Service, manufacturing and natural resource industries
Why? Discover Canada names three main types of industries: service industries, manufacturing industries and natural resource industries. Source
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Multiple choice
In which type of industry do most working Canadians have jobs? A Natural resource industries B Manufacturing industries C Service industries D Agriculture
Show answer Correct answer: C — Service industries
Why? Service industries such as transportation, education, health care, banking and retail employ more than 75% of working Canadians. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is a natural resource industry? A Banking B Tourism C Car manufacturing D Forestry
Show answer Correct answer: D — Forestry
Why? Natural resource industries include forestry, fishing, agriculture, mining and energy. Banking and tourism are services; cars are manufactured goods. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year did Canada enter into a free trade agreement with the United States? A 1988 B 1994 C 1967 D 1947
Show answer Correct answer: A — 1988
Why? Canada entered into free trade with the United States in 1988; Mexico became a partner in 1994 in the North American Free Trade Agreement. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year did Mexico join Canada and the United States in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)? A 1988 B 1994 C 1982 D 2001
Show answer Correct answer: B — 1994
Why? Canada and the United States began free trade in 1988, and Mexico joined the wider North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994. Source
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Multiple choice
About what share of Canadian exports go to the United States, according to Discover Canada? A About one-quarter B Over three-quarters C About one-half D Less than one-tenth
Show answer Correct answer: B — Over three-quarters
Why? Discover Canada says over three-quarters of Canadian exports go to the United States, the largest bilateral trading relationship in the world. Source
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Multiple choice
How does Discover Canada describe the border between Canada and the United States? A The world's most heavily guarded border B A border closed to trade C A border that follows the Arctic coast D The world's longest undefended border
Show answer Correct answer: D — The world's longest undefended border
Why? The guide calls the Canada–U.S. border the world's longest undefended border. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these is made by Canada's manufacturing industries? A Fish caught at sea B Bank loans C Aerospace technology D Wheat grown on farms
Show answer Correct answer: C — Aerospace technology
Why? Manufacturing industries make products such as paper, high-technology equipment, aerospace technology, automobiles, machinery, food and clothing. Source
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Multiple choice
Why is trade so important to Canada's economy? A Canadians' standard of living depends on trade with other nations B Canada produces nothing that it can use at home C Trade is required by the Constitution D Canada is only allowed to trade with Commonwealth countries
Show answer Correct answer: A — Canadians' standard of living depends on trade with other nations
Why? Canada has always been a trading nation; commerce drives economic growth, and Canadians' standard of living depends on trade with other nations. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of these jobs belongs to the service industries? A Working in a mine B Working in health care C Working on a fishing boat D Working in a car assembly plant
Show answer Correct answer: B — Working in health care
Why? Service industries include transportation, education, health care, construction, banking, communications, retail, tourism and government. Source
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Multiple choice
Discover Canada says Canada has one of the world's ten largest: A Economies B Populations C Armies D Cities
Show answer Correct answer: A — Economies
Why? The guide states that Canada has one of the ten largest economies in the world. Source
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Canada's regions Multiple choice
Which three oceans border Canada? A The Pacific, the Atlantic and the Indian B The Atlantic, the Arctic and the Southern C The Pacific, the Arctic and the Indian D The Pacific, the Atlantic and the Arctic
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Pacific, the Atlantic and the Arctic
Why? Canada is bordered by three oceans: the Pacific in the west, the Atlantic in the east and the Arctic to the north. Source
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Multiple choice
How does Canada rank in land area among the countries of the world? A Largest B Fifth largest C Second largest D Tenth largest
Show answer Correct answer: C — Second largest
Why? Canada is the second largest country on earth, with about 10 million square kilometres. Source
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Multiple choice
How many provinces and territories does Canada have? A Ten provinces and three territories B Twelve provinces and two territories C Nine provinces and four territories D Thirteen provinces and no territories
Show answer Correct answer: A — Ten provinces and three territories
Why? Canada has ten provinces and three territories, each with its own capital city. Source
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Multiple choice
What are the five regions of Canada? A Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, Prairies and Alaska B Maritimes, Great Lakes, Rockies, Yukon and Nunavut C East, West, North, South and the Capital Region D Atlantic, Central Canada, Prairies, West Coast and the North
Show answer Correct answer: D — Atlantic, Central Canada, Prairies, West Coast and the North
Why? Canada's five regions are the Atlantic Provinces, Central Canada, the Prairie Provinces, the West Coast and the Northern Territories. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of Canada? A Toronto B Montreal C Ottawa D Québec City
Show answer Correct answer: C — Ottawa
Why? Ottawa, located on the Ottawa River, was chosen as the capital in 1857 by Queen Victoria. Source
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Multiple choice
Who chose Ottawa as the capital in 1857? A Sir John A. Macdonald B Queen Victoria C Lord Durham D Queen Elizabeth I
Show answer Correct answer: B — Queen Victoria
Why? Queen Victoria chose Ottawa as the capital in 1857. She was the great-great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth II. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador? A St. John's B Saint John C Corner Brook D Halifax
Show answer Correct answer: A — St. John's
Why? St. John's is the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador. Saint John, spelled differently, is the largest city of New Brunswick. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of Prince Edward Island? A Summerside, the island's second city B Fredericton C Moncton D Charlottetown
Show answer Correct answer: D — Charlottetown
Why? Charlottetown is the capital of Prince Edward Island. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of New Brunswick? A Saint John B Moncton C Fredericton D Charlottetown
Show answer Correct answer: C — Fredericton
Why? Fredericton is the capital of New Brunswick; Saint John is its largest city and Moncton its main Acadian centre. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of Nova Scotia? A Sydney B Halifax C Truro D Fredericton
Show answer Correct answer: B — Halifax
Why? Halifax is the capital of Nova Scotia and home to Canada's largest naval base. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of Saskatchewan? A Regina B Saskatoon C Winnipeg D Edmonton
Show answer Correct answer: A — Regina
Why? Regina is the capital of Saskatchewan and home to the RCMP training academy; Saskatoon is the largest city. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of Alberta? A Calgary, the province's largest city B Edmonton C Regina D Banff
Show answer Correct answer: B — Edmonton
Why? Edmonton is the capital of Alberta. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of British Columbia? A Vancouver B Kelowna C Victoria D Whitehorse
Show answer Correct answer: C — Victoria
Why? Victoria is the capital of British Columbia and headquarters of the navy's Pacific fleet. Vancouver has the largest port. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of Manitoba? A Regina B Brandon C Thunder Bay D Winnipeg
Show answer Correct answer: D — Winnipeg
Why? Winnipeg is the capital and most populous city of Manitoba. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of Nunavut? A Yellowknife B Whitehorse C Iqaluit D Resolute
Show answer Correct answer: C — Iqaluit
Why? Iqaluit, formerly Frobisher Bay, is the capital of Nunavut. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of the Northwest Territories? A Iqaluit B Whitehorse C Inuvik, on the Mackenzie Delta D Yellowknife
Show answer Correct answer: D — Yellowknife
Why? Yellowknife, the "diamond capital of North America", is the capital of the Northwest Territories. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the capital of Yukon? A Whitehorse B Dawson City C Yellowknife D Iqaluit
Show answer Correct answer: A — Whitehorse
Why? Whitehorse is the capital of Yukon. Source
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Multiple choice
Which is the smallest province? A Nova Scotia B Prince Edward Island C New Brunswick D Newfoundland and Labrador
Show answer Correct answer: B — Prince Edward Island
Why? Prince Edward Island is the smallest province, known for its beaches, red soil and potatoes. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province is known as the birthplace of Confederation? A Ontario B Quebec C Prince Edward Island D Nova Scotia, home of Halifax
Show answer Correct answer: C — Prince Edward Island
Why? Prince Edward Island is known as the birthplace of Confederation; it is connected to the mainland by the Confederation Bridge. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province is the setting of Anne of Green Gables? A Nova Scotia, on the Bay of Fundy B New Brunswick C Ontario D Prince Edward Island
Show answer Correct answer: D — Prince Edward Island
Why? Anne of Green Gables, by Lucy Maud Montgomery, is set in Prince Edward Island. Source
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Multiple choice
Where are the highest tides in the world? A Hudson Bay B The Bay of Fundy C The Gulf of St. Lawrence D The Strait of Georgia
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Bay of Fundy
Why? Nova Scotia is known for the highest tides in the world, in the Bay of Fundy. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province is the most easterly point in North America and has its own time zone? A Newfoundland and Labrador B Nova Scotia C Prince Edward Island D New Brunswick
Show answer Correct answer: A — Newfoundland and Labrador
Why? Newfoundland and Labrador is the most easterly point in North America and has its own time zone. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province was founded by United Empire Loyalists? A Quebec B Manitoba C British Columbia D New Brunswick
Show answer Correct answer: D — New Brunswick
Why? New Brunswick, located in the Appalachian mountain range, was founded by the United Empire Loyalists. Source
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Multiple choice
Where do more than half of Canadians live? A In cities and towns near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River B In the Prairie provinces C On the West Coast D In the four Atlantic provinces and the North
Show answer Correct answer: A — In cities and towns near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River
Why? More than half the people in Canada live in cities and towns near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River, in Central Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
Together, Ontario and Quebec produce what share of Canada's manufactured goods? A About one-quarter of the total B About one-tenth C More than three-quarters D Exactly half
Show answer Correct answer: C — More than three-quarters
Why? Central Canada is the industrial heartland: Ontario and Quebec produce more than three-quarters of Canada's manufactured goods. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province is Canada's largest producer of hydro-electricity? A Ontario B Quebec C British Columbia D Manitoba
Show answer Correct answer: B — Quebec
Why? Quebec is Canada's main producer of pulp and paper and its largest producer of hydro-electricity. Source
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Multiple choice
Which is Canada's largest city and main financial centre? A Montreal B Vancouver C Toronto D Ottawa
Show answer Correct answer: C — Toronto
Why? Toronto is the largest city in Canada and the country's main financial centre. Source
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Multiple choice
Montreal is the second largest mainly French-speaking city in the world after: A Brussels B Québec City C Geneva D Paris
Show answer Correct answer: D — Paris
Why? Montreal, Canada's second largest city, is the second largest mainly French-speaking city in the world after Paris. Source
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Multiple choice
Which is the largest freshwater lake in the world? A Lake Superior B Lake Ontario C Lake Huron D Great Slave Lake
Show answer Correct answer: A — Lake Superior
Why? Of the five Great Lakes, Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world. Source
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Multiple choice
Which of the five Great Lakes lies entirely in the United States? A Lake Erie B Lake Michigan C Lake Superior D Lake Ontario
Show answer Correct answer: B — Lake Michigan
Why? The five Great Lakes are Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan and Superior; Lake Michigan is in the U.S.A. Source
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Multiple choice
Which Ontario region is known for its vineyards, wines and fruit crops? A The Ottawa Valley B The Niagara region C Northern Ontario D The Muskoka region
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Niagara region
Why? The Niagara region is known for its vineyards, wines and fruit crops. Source
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Multiple choice
Outside Quebec, which province has the largest Francophone population? A Ontario B New Brunswick C Manitoba D Alberta
Show answer Correct answer: A — Ontario
Why? Ontario has the largest Francophone population outside Quebec. New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province was once called the "breadbasket of the world" and has 40% of Canada's arable land? A Manitoba, with its Red River valley B Alberta C Saskatchewan D Ontario
Show answer Correct answer: C — Saskatchewan
Why? Saskatchewan, once known as the "breadbasket of the world" and the "wheat province", has 40% of the arable land in Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province is Canada's largest producer of oil and gas? A Saskatchewan B Newfoundland and Labrador C British Columbia D Alberta
Show answer Correct answer: D — Alberta
Why? Alberta is the largest producer of oil and gas, and the oil sands in the north are being developed as a major energy source. Source
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Multiple choice
Which national park, established in 1885, is in Alberta? A Banff National Park B Pacific Rim National Park C Algonquin Park D Gros Morne National Park
Show answer Correct answer: A — Banff National Park
Why? Alberta has five national parks, including Banff National Park, established in 1885. Source
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Multiple choice
Alberta is named after: A Albert Einstein B Prince Albert of Belgium C The French missionary and explorer Albert Lacombe D Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, Queen Victoria's fourth daughter
Show answer Correct answer: D — Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, Queen Victoria's fourth daughter
Why? The province of Alberta and Lake Louise are named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria. Source
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Multiple choice
Which is Canada's largest and busiest port? A The Port of Halifax B The Port of Vancouver C The Port of Montreal D The Port of Saint John
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Port of Vancouver
Why? The Port of Vancouver is Canada's largest and busiest; Halifax is the largest east coast port. Source
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Multiple choice
Which British Columbia valley is known for its fruit orchards and wineries? A The Fraser Valley B The Annapolis Valley C The Okanagan Valley D The Ottawa Valley
Show answer Correct answer: C — The Okanagan Valley
Why? British Columbia is known for the fruit orchards and wineries of the Okanagan Valley. Source
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Multiple choice
Why are the Northern Territories called the "Land of the Midnight Sun"? A In summer, daylight can last up to 24 hours B The sun never rises in summer C The North has no time zones, so clocks always show midnight D It is always midnight in winter
Show answer Correct answer: A — In summer, daylight can last up to 24 hours
Why? In the North, summer daylight can last up to 24 hours, while in winter the sun disappears and darkness sets in for about three months. Source
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Multiple choice
What share of Canada's land mass do the three Northern Territories cover? A One-tenth B Two-thirds C One-half D One-third
Show answer Correct answer: D — One-third
Why? Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut cover one-third of Canada's land mass but have a small population. Source
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Multiple choice
What is the tundra? A A thick tropical forest on the Pacific coast of British Columbia B A large lake in the Prairies C A vast rocky Arctic plain where the ground is permanently frozen D A mountain range in Quebec
Show answer Correct answer: C — A vast rocky Arctic plain where the ground is permanently frozen
Why? Much of the North is tundra, a vast rocky Arctic plain where the cold climate means there are no trees and the soil is permanently frozen. Source
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Multiple choice
Which is Canada's highest mountain? A Mount Robson B Mount Logan C Mount Royal D Mount Fairweather
Show answer Correct answer: B — Mount Logan
Why? Mount Logan in Yukon is the highest mountain in Canada, named after the geologist Sir William Logan. Source
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Multiple choice
What does Nunavut mean in Inuktitut? A The people B Land of ice C Our land D Big river
Show answer Correct answer: C — Our land
Why? Nunavut, which means "our land" in Inuktitut, was established in 1999 from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories. Source
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Multiple choice
In which year was Nunavut created? A 1949 B 1870 C 1982 D 1999
Show answer Correct answer: D — 1999
Why? Nunavut was established in 1999 from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories. Source
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Multiple choice
How does Nunavut's Legislative Assembly choose its premier and ministers? A By consensus B By a vote of the House of Commons C By appointment from Ottawa D By a lottery among members
Show answer Correct answer: A — By consensus
Why? The 19-member Legislative Assembly of Nunavut chooses a premier and ministers by consensus. Source
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Multiple choice
Which city is known as the "diamond capital of North America"? A Whitehorse, capital of Yukon B Yellowknife C Iqaluit D Edmonton
Show answer Correct answer: B — Yellowknife
Why? Yellowknife, the capital of the Northwest Territories, is called the "diamond capital of North America". Source
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Multiple choice
According to Discover Canada, which river in the Northwest Territories is the second longest river system in North America, after the Mississippi? A The Yukon River B The Mackenzie River C The Fraser River D The Churchill River
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Mackenzie River
Why? Discover Canada says the Mackenzie River, at 4,200 km, is the second longest river system in North America after the Mississippi. Source
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Multiple choice
Which event of the 1890s brought thousands of miners to Yukon? A The building of the Rideau Canal B The discovery of oil C The fur trade wars D The Gold Rush
Show answer Correct answer: D — The Gold Rush
Why? Thousands of miners came to Yukon during the Gold Rush of the 1890s, celebrated in the poetry of Robert W. Service. Source
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Multiple choice
Who patrol Canada's Arctic as part of the Canadian Forces Reserves? A The Canadian Rangers B The RCMP Musical Ride C The Coast Guard cadets D The Royal Canadian Navy reserve only
Show answer Correct answer: A — The Canadian Rangers
Why? The Canadian Rangers, part of the Canadian Forces Reserves, patrol the Arctic by snowmobile in winter and all-terrain vehicle in summer. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province has the largest Aboriginal population of any province, at over 15%? A British Columbia B Ontario C Manitoba D Quebec
Show answer Correct answer: C — Manitoba
Why? Manitoba has the largest Aboriginal population of any province, more than 15%. Source
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Multiple choice
What is Portage and Main in Winnipeg? A Canada's largest shopping centre B The home of the RCMP academy C A national park D The most famous intersection in Canada
Show answer Correct answer: D — The most famous intersection in Canada
Why? Winnipeg's Exchange District has Portage and Main, the most famous intersection in Canada. Source
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Multiple choice
What is St. Boniface in Winnipeg known for? A The oldest Ukrainian farming settlement in Canada B The world's highest tides C The largest Francophone community in Western Canada D The last spike of the CPR
Show answer Correct answer: C — The largest Francophone community in Western Canada
Why? St. Boniface, Winnipeg's French Quarter, has Western Canada's largest Francophone community. Source
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Multiple choice
Which Prairie province has the world's richest deposits of uranium and potash? A Saskatchewan B Manitoba, the keystone province C Alberta D Ontario
Show answer Correct answer: A — Saskatchewan
Why? Saskatchewan has the world's richest deposits of uranium and potash and also produces oil and natural gas. Source
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Multiple choice
Which Atlantic province is the most populous? A New Brunswick B Nova Scotia C Newfoundland and Labrador D Prince Edward Island
Show answer Correct answer: B — Nova Scotia
Why? Nova Scotia is the most populous Atlantic province. Source
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Multiple choice
About how many people live in the three Northern Territories together, according to Discover Canada? A About 100,000 B About 1 million C About 10,000 D About 3 million
Show answer Correct answer: A — About 100,000
Why? Discover Canada says the three territories cover one-third of Canada's land mass but have a population of only about 100,000. Source
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Multiple choice
Where is Canada's largest naval base? A Charlottetown B Québec City C Thunder Bay D Halifax
Show answer Correct answer: D — Halifax
Why? Halifax, Nova Scotia, is home to Canada's largest naval base and is the largest east coast port. Source
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Multiple choice
Which province is Canada's westernmost? A Alberta, on the Rocky Mountains B Yukon C British Columbia D Saskatchewan
Show answer Correct answer: C — British Columbia
Why? British Columbia is Canada's westernmost province and its Pacific gateway. Yukon is a territory, not a province. Source
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Multiple choice
What links Prince Edward Island to the mainland? A The Lions Gate Bridge B The Confederation Bridge C The Peace Arch at the U.S. border D The Rideau Canal
Show answer Correct answer: B — The Confederation Bridge
Why? Prince Edward Island is connected to mainland Canada by the Confederation Bridge, one of the longest continuous multispan bridges in the world. Source
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Multiple choice
Which city is the main centre of Acadian culture in New Brunswick? A Fredericton B Saint John C Bathurst D Moncton
Show answer Correct answer: D — Moncton
Why? Moncton is the principal Acadian Francophone centre in New Brunswick; Fredericton is the capital and Saint John the largest city. Source
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Numbered practice tests Official sources (2) · last checked 19 October 2026 