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Canadian citizenship

To become a Canadian citizen you need permanent resident status, at least 1095 days of physical presence in Canada in the last 5 years, and, if you are aged 18 to 54, proof of English or French and a pass in the citizenship test. The last step is the Oath of Citizenship at a ceremony.

The path to Canadian citizenship

  1. Hold permanent resident status

    You must have valid permanent resident (PR) status, with no removal order and no unfulfilled PR conditions, such as a medical check. You must not be under a prohibition, which mostly concerns criminal and security reasons.

    Official source

  2. Count your days in Canada

    You need at least 1095 days (3 years) of physical presence in Canada in the 5 years before you apply, including at least 730 days as a permanent resident. Each day as a temporary resident or protected person counts as half a day, up to 365 days in total.

    Official source

  3. File your taxes

    You may need to have filed income taxes in Canada for at least 3 years within the 5 years right before the date you apply.

    Official source

  4. Prove English or French at CLB 4

    If you are 18 to 54 on the day you sign your application, you must show speaking and listening skills at Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) 4 in English or NCLC 4 in French. Certificates, diplomas or approved tests can serve as proof, and officials may also assess your language during the process.

    Official source

  5. Apply and pay the fee

    The fee is $653 CAD for an adult, which includes the processing fee and the right of citizenship fee, and $100 CAD for a minor under 18. There is no separate fee for the test.

    Official source

  6. Pass the citizenship test

    Applicants aged 18 to 54 take a test of 20 questions in 45 minutes, in English or French, usually online. You pass with 15 of 20 correct answers and have 3 chances to pass.

    Official source

    The citizenship test: format, pass mark and free practice

  7. Take the Oath of Citizenship

    Once your application is approved, you are invited to a citizenship ceremony, in person or online. You swear or affirm the Oath of Citizenship, sign the oath form on the same day and sing O Canada. Adults and minors aged 14 to 17 take the oath.

    Official source

Official sources (8) · last checked 19 October 2026