German B1 for citizenship: DTZ, telc, Goethe and ÖSD compared
Which B1 certificate counts for German citizenship, and how DTZ, telc, Goethe and ÖSD compare: parts, timing, pass marks and retakes, from the official rules.
Language exams: free practice and guides
Free practice and clear guides for language exams, including the tests required for citizenship.
French A2, B1, B2 for residence and citizenship: TCF IRN and TEF IRN
The French level you need since 2026 for a residence card or French citizenship, the proof that counts, and how the TCF IRN, TEF IRN and DELF work.
More guides and practice tests for this section are on the way.